Evidence for semantic learning in profound amnesia: An investigation with patient HM
Evidence for semantic learning in profound amnesia: An investigation with patient HM
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DOI：
10.1002/hipo.20005
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Corkin, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Kane, G;Kensinger, EA;Corkin, S
直到最近，似乎不太可能获得任何语义知识后，广泛的双边损害内侧颞叶（MTL）。虽然最近的研究已经证明了一些语义学习健忘症患者，问题仍然是关于这种能力的局限性和它在多大程度上依赖于这些患者的残留MTL功能。目前的研究探讨是否详细，语义记忆可以获得的病人没有功能的海马体。我们使用线索回忆和强迫选择再认任务来调查患者H.M.他已经了解了那些在他失忆症发作后成名的人。结果显示，以名字作为线索，他能够回忆起35个术后著名人物中12个的相应著名姓氏。当添加语义线索时，这个数字几乎翻了一番，这表明他对名字的知识不仅限于感知信息，而且还包含在能够支持外显回忆的语义网络中。在强迫选择识别中，H.M. 87%的病后名人与陪衬区分开来。重要的是，他能够为三分之一的这些公认的名字提供唯一的识别语义事实，例如，将约翰格伦描述为“第一个火箭手”，将李哈维奥斯瓦尔德描述为“暗杀总统”的人。”虽然H。的语义学习明显受损，结果提供了强有力的、明确的证据，表明一些新的语义学习可以得到海马体以外的结构的支持。(C)2004 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Until recently, it seemed unlikely that any semantic knowledge could be acquired following extensive bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobes (MTL). Although recent studies have demonstrated some semantic learning in amnesic patients, questions remain regarding the limits of this capacity and the extent to which it relies on those patients' residual MTL function. The present study examined whether detailed, semantic memory could be acquired by a patient with no functioning hippocampus. We used cued recall and forced-choice recognition tasks to investigate whether the patient H.M. had acquired knowledge of people who became famous after the onset of his amnesia. Results revealed that, with first names provided as cues, he was able to recall the corresponding famous last name for 12 of 35 postoperatively famous personalities. This number nearly doubled when semantic cues were added, suggesting that his knowledge of the names was not limited to perceptual information, but was incorporated in a semantic network capable of supporting explicit recall. In forced-choice recognition, H.M. discriminated 87% of postmorbid famous names from foils. Critically, he was able to provide uniquely identifying semantic facts for one-third of these recognized names, describing John Glenn, for example, as "the first rocketeer" and Lee Harvey Oswald as a man who "assassinated the president." Although H.M.'s semantic learning was clearly impaired, the results provide robust, unambiguous evidence that some new semantic learning can be supported by structures beyond the hippocampus proper. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.