Introduction to special section on the Phoenix Mission: Landing Site Characterization Experiments, Mission Overviews, and Expected Science-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1029/2008je003083

发表时间：

2008-03

期刊：

Journal of Geophysical Research

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

文献类型：

作者：

Peter H. Smith;L. Tamppari;R. Arvidson;D. Bass;D. Blaney;W. Boynton;A. Carswell;D. Catling;B. Clark;T. Duck;E. Dejong;D. Fisher;W. Goetz;P. Gunnlaugsson;M. Hecht;V. Hipkin;J. Hoffman;S. Hviid;H. Keller;S. Kounaves;C. Lange;M. Lemmon;M. Madsen;M. Malin;W. Markiewicz;J. Marshall;C. Mckay;M. Mellon;D. Michelangeli;D. Ming;R. Morris;N. Renno;W. Pike;U. Staufer;C. Stoker;P. Taylor;J. Whiteway;S. M. Young;A. Zent

[1]凤凰号是第一个火星侦察任务，它利用了美国国家航空航天局在火星极地着陆器和火星勘测者2001任务上的大量投资。2007年8月4日，凤凰号搭载德尔塔2号运载火箭从佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角向火星发射。从取消的2001着陆器获得的遗产，以及从MPL和2001仪器继承的科学有效载荷，提供了显著的优势。为了管理、建造和测试航天器及其仪器，喷气推进实验室、亚利桑那大学(首席研究员P.H.史密斯所在的机构)和位于丹佛的洛克希德·马丁公司建立了合作伙伴关系；来自加拿大和欧洲的仪器和科学贡献扩大了任务。科学任务的重点是为2002年奥德赛发现的环极地区表层土壤下隐藏的大量冰层提供地面真相。科学目标、仪器套件和达到这些目标所需的测量在此简要描述，并参考这一特殊部分中包含的更完整的仪器论文。着陆点选择在北纬68°和东经233°附近，平衡了科学价值和着陆安全。凤凰号将于2008年5月25日着陆，在一个复杂的进入、下降和着陆过程中，使用脉冲推进器作为最终刹车策略。安全着陆后，展开两个扇形的太阳能电池板，为任务提供所需的能量。在整个90-SOL主要任务中，活动由科学团队在战术基础上进行规划；他们的请求被传递给一个由测序工程师组成的上行链路团队，以便翻译成航天器命令。指令在火星每天早晨通过深空网络通过火星轨道器传输到宇宙飞船。数据在火星一天结束时通过相同的路径返回。要实现任务的目标，需要挖掘并向三台甲板上的仪器提供有趣的地层样本。通过证实在地表附近发现了大量的水冰，并通过研究土壤颗粒的矿物学、化学和微观特性来确定冰土的历史，凤凰号将解决有关气候变化对北部平原影响的问题。未冻结的水已经改变了土壤的结论自然导致了对土壤生物潜力的猜测，这是这次任务的另一个科学目标。

[1] Phoenix, the first Mars Scout mission, capitalizes on the large NASA investments in the Mars Polar Lander and the Mars Surveyor 2001 missions. On 4 August 2007, Phoenix was launched to Mars from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on a Delta 2 launch vehicle. The heritage derived from the canceled 2001 lander with a science payload inherited from MPL and 2001 instruments gives significant advantages. To manage, build, and test the spacecraft and its instruments, a partnership has been forged between the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the University of Arizona (home institution of principal investigator P. H. Smith), and Lockheed Martin in Denver; instrument and scientific contributions from Canada and Europe have augmented the mission. The science mission focuses on providing the ground truth for the 2002 Odyssey discovery of massive ice deposits hidden under surface soils in the circumpolar regions. The science objectives, the instrument suite, and the measurements needed to meet the objectives are briefly described here with reference made to more complete instrument papers included in this special section. The choice of a landing site in the vicinity of 68°N and 233°E balances scientific value and landing safety. Phoenix will land on 25 May 2008 during a complex entry, descent, and landing sequence using pulsed thrusters as the final braking strategy. After a safe landing, twin fan-like solar panels are unfurled and provide the energy needed for the mission. Throughout the 90-sol primary mission, activities are planned on a tactical basis by the science team; their requests are passed to an uplink team of sequencing engineers for translation to spacecraft commands. Commands are transmitted each Martian morning through the Deep Space Network by way of a Mars orbiter to the spacecraft. Data are returned at the end of the Martian day by the same path. Satisfying the mission's goals requires digging and providing samples of interesting layers to three on-deck instruments. By verifying that massive water ice is found near the surface and determining the history of the icy soil by studying the mineralogical, chemical, and microscopic properties of the soil grains, Phoenix will address questions concerning the effects of climate change in the northern plains. A conclusion that unfrozen water has modified the soil naturally leads to speculation as to the biological potential of the soil, another scientific objective of the mission.

Introduction to special section on the Phoenix Mission: Landing Site Characterization Experiments, Mission Overviews, and Expected Science

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