Thermoenergetic challenges and daytime behavioural patterns of a wild cathemeral mammal
Thermoenergetic challenges and daytime behavioural patterns of a wild cathemeral mammal
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.12.008
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发表时间：
2022-02-28
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perea-Rodriguez, Juan P.;Corley, Margaret K.;Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo
昼夜温差能假说（CTEH）表明，吸热的好处是活跃在24小时循环的温暖时期，并通过休息时，温度下降，因为这降低了能量投资在体温调节。根据CTEH，与夏季相比，阿根廷查科的阿扎拉猫头鹰猴Aotus azarae在相对寒冷的冬季增加了白天的活动。不过，目前还不清楚这些行为变化是否是由能量平衡的重大变化所解释的。因此，我们试图了解热挑战如何影响白天倾向于保存能量（休息），增加能量可用性（觅食）或消耗能量（旅行）的行为分配。我们构建了一组先验的线性模型来评估白天的行为模式和光周期，月光，年龄，生殖状态和每小时，每天和每周的环境温度波动之间的关系，以及它们之间的一些相互作用。我们分析了4985个20分钟的焦点样本收集在0600-2100小时从140个可识别的个人从15个群体在13年。我们的研究结果表明，从最温暖到最寒冷的月份，白天休息的频率下降了31%，而白天觅食的频率增加了131%，而旅行的频率保持不变。白天的活动模式被解释为每周平均温度和月球活动，年龄组或生殖状态之间的相互作用。一般来说，白天的活动随着季节性温度的下降而增加，但这种影响在满月期间被掩盖;婴儿，青少年，亚成体和孤独的成年人不同地使用白天。最后，旅行和觅食增加，在较长的日子或在每日最高温度的时候，但减少这两个因素相互作用时（即夏季长日在每日最高温度）。综上所述，A.如CTEH所预测的，杜鹃花可能是由热能投资结构化的。?? 2021动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
The circadian thermoenergetics hypothesis (CTEH) suggests that endotherms benefit by being active during the warmer period of a 24 h cycle and by resting when temperatures drop, since this lowers energetic investment in thermoregulation. In accordance with the CTEH, cathemeral (i.e. active during both daytime and night-time) Azara's owl monkeys, Aotus azarae, of the Argentinean Chaco increase their daytime activity during the relatively cold winter compared to the summer. Still, it remains unclear whether these behavioural changes are explained by major shifts in energy balance. Thus, we sought to understand how thermal challenges influence the allocation of behaviours during the daytime that tend to conserve energy (resting), increase its availability (foraging) or expend it (travelling). We constructed a priori a set of linear models to evaluate the relationships between daytime behavioural patterns and photoperiod, moonlight, age, reproductive status and hourly, daily and weekly fluctuations in ambient temperatures, as well as some of their interactions. We analysed 4985 20-minute focal samples collected during 0600-2100 hours from 140 recognizable individuals from 15 groups across 13 years. Our results indicate that, from the warmest to the coldest months, daytime resting frequencies decreased by 31%, whereas daytime foraging frequencies increased by 131%, while travelling frequencies remained unchanged. Daytime activity patterns were explained by the interaction between weekly average temperatures and either lunar activity, age class or reproductive status. Generally, daytime activity increased as temperatures decreased seasonally, but this is effect was masked during full moons; and infants, juveniles, subadults and solitary adults used the daytime differently. Finally, travelling and foraging increased during longer days or at times of daily maximum temperatures but decreased when these two factors interacted (i.e. long summer days at daily maximum temperatures). In summary, daytime behaviours of A. azarae may be structured by thermoenergetic investment, as predicted by the CTEH. ?? 2021 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.