High prevalence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale in co-infections with Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers in Southwest Nigeria
High prevalence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale in co-infections with Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers in Southwest Nigeria
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尼日利亚西南部无症状疟原虫携带者中，三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫与恶性疟原虫合并感染的比例很高
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发表时间：
2021
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通讯作者：
R. Culleton
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作者：
Muhydeen Abiodun Abdulraheem;M. Ernest;I. Ugwuanyi;H. M. Abkallo;Saori Nishikawa;M. Adeleke;Adebola E. Orimadegun;R. Culleton
无症状的疟疾寄生虫携带者不寻求抗疟疾治疗，可能构成一个沉默的传染源。为了评估高度流行地区青少年中无症状和有症状携带的水平，并确定与此类携带相关的风险因素，我们于2016年对位于尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹的8所学校的1032名青少年（10-19岁）进行了横断面调查。制备血膜和血斑滤纸样品用于显微镜和DNA分析。使用显微镜、快速诊断测试和聚合酶链反应对658个随机选择的样本进行无症状疟疾流行率的测定。其中，我们发现，80%的无症状的学童是阳性的疟疾寄生虫的PCR，相比之下，47%和9%确定的RDT和显微镜，分别。使用针对线粒体CoxIII基因的PCR进行疟疾寄生虫物种分型，并显示三日疟原虫（53%）和卵形疟原虫（24%）的高携带率。大多数无症状感染者为两种或两种以上种属的合并感染（62%），其中恶性疟原虫+三日疟原虫最常见（35%），其次为恶性疟原虫+三日疟原虫+卵形疟原虫（21%）和恶性疟原虫+卵形疟原虫（6%）。恶性疟原虫、三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫的单一感染分别占全部无症状感染者的24%、10%和4%。为了比较无症状和有症状感染者的物种组成，2017年在先前抽样的一所学校和附近的一家医院进行了进一步的样本采集。虽然无症状感染的物种组成与2016年观察到的相似，但有症状的感染明显不同，在91%的患者中观察到恶性疟原虫单一感染，恶性疟原虫+三日疟原虫为5%，恶性疟原虫+卵形疟原虫为4%。
Asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers do not seek anti-malarial treatment and may constitute a silent infectious reservoir. In order to assess the level of asymptomatic and symptomatic carriage amongst adolescents in a highly endemic area, and to identify the risk factors associated with such carriage, we conducted a cross sectional survey of 1032 adolescents (ages 10-19) from eight schools located in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria in 2016. Blood films and blood spot filter paper samples were prepared for microscopy and DNA analysis. The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was determined using microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and PCR for 658 randomly selected samples. Of these, we found that 80% of asymptomatic schoolchildren were positive for malaria parasites by PCR, compared to 47% and 9% determined by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Malaria parasite species typing was performed using PCR targeting the mitochondrial CoxIII gene, and revealed high rates of carriage of Plasmodium malariae (53%) and Plasmodium ovale (24%). Most asymptomatic infections were co-infections of two or more species (62%), with P. falciparum + P. malariae the most common (35%), followed by P. falciparum + P. malariae + P. ovale (21%) and P. falciparum + P. ovale (6%). Single infections of P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale accounted for 24%, 10% and 4% of all asymptomatic infections respectively. To compare the species composition of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections, further sample collection was carried out in 2017 at one of the previously sampled schools, and at a nearby hospital. Whilst the species composition of the asymptomatic infections was similar to that observed in 2016, the symptomatic infections were markedly different, with single infections of P. falciparum observed in 91% of patients,P. falciparum + P. malariae in 5% and P. falciparum + P. ovale in 4%.