Whale watching disrupts feeding activities of minke whales on a feeding ground
Whale watching disrupts feeding activities of minke whales on a feeding ground
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DOI：
10.3354/meps10163
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lusseau, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christiansen, Fredrik;Rasmussen, Marianne;Lusseau, David
人类对野生动物的干扰，如旅游业，可能会改变目标个人的活动。反复的行为中断可能对个体生命率（生存和生殖）产生长期影响。为了管理这些亚致命的影响，我们需要了解活动中断如何影响生物能量学，并最终影响个人的生命率。目前缺乏须鲸（神秘鲸）的观鲸船暴露和行为变化和生命率之间的机械联系的实证研究。我们比较了小须鲸Balaenoptera acutorostrata行为的饲养场在存在和不存在的观鲸船。活动状态的影响，推断从运动度量数据的变化，以及发生的表面喂养事件。线性混合效应模型和广义估计方程被用来调查鲸鱼观赏船相互作用的影响。测量误差进行了量化，其对模型参数估计的影响进行了研究，使用reservation方法。小须鲸对观鲸船的反应是进行更短的潜水和增加弯曲的运动。在曲折的运动过程中观察到较长的呼吸间隔的概率减少表明，观鲸船的相互作用减少了觅食活动。此外，在与观鲸船互动期间，观察到水面摄食事件的可能性也降低了。这表明观鲸船扰乱了小须鲸的觅食活动。由于小须鲸是主要的繁殖者，由于观鲸船的原因，饲养场上的喂养成功率下降，可能导致繁殖场上可用于胎儿发育和哺乳的能量减少。因此，这种影响可能会改变该物种的产犊成功率。
Human disturbances of wildlife, such as tourism, can alter the activities of targeted individuals. Repeated behavioural disruptions can have long-term consequences for individual vital rates (survival and reproduction). To manage these sub-lethal impacts, we need to understand how activity disruptions can influence bioenergetics and ultimately individual vital rates. Empirical studies of the mechanistic links between whale-watching boat exposure and behavioural variation and vital rates are currently lacking for baleen whales (mysticetes). We compared minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata behaviour on a feeding ground in the presence and absence of whale-watching boats. Effects on activity states were inferred from changes in movement metric data as well as the occurrence of surface feeding events. Linear mixed effects models and generalised estimation equations were used to investigate the effect of whale-watching boat interactions. Measurement errors were quantified, and their effects on model parameter estimates were investigated using resampling methods. Minke whales responded to whale-watching boats by performing shorter dives and increased sinuous movement. A reduction in the probability of observing longer inter-breath intervals during sinuous movement showed that whale-watching boat interactions reduced foraging activity. Further, the probability of observing surface feeding events also decreased during interactions with whale-watching boats. This indicates that whale-watching boats disrupted the feeding activities of minke whales. Since minke whales are capital breeders, a decrease in feeding success on the feeding grounds due to whale-watching boats could lead to a decrease in energy available for foetus development and nursing on the breeding grounds. Such impact could therefore alter the calving success of this species.