AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF FICUS
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF FICUS
复制标题
DOI：
10.14203/reinwardtia.v4i3.1007
复制
发表时间：
1958
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Corner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Corner
榕属植物表现出许多热带植物分布的基本问题。作为一个自然的g-enus，它是其家族中最衍生的一个，它表明这些问题不是指属或其主要类群的起源，而是指随后的部分进化过程。因此，详细的形态学修正必须先于植物地理学。这里概括的事实是根据亚洲和澳大拉西亚物种的专题修订，并没有从其他著作中调用。种子在榕树中的传播必须伴随着传粉蜂的传播。正如贝卡利指出的那样，大榕树在这方面似乎比被茂密森林阻挡的小树更有优势，两个亚属Pharmaeosycea和Urosigma表明南方迁移，但第三个亚属Ficus表明北方起源和传播。Pharmaeosycea，迄今被认为是美国，在亚洲和澳大拉西亚有46种，它包括新喀里多尼亚的大部分无花果植物区系（共26种，Pharmaeosycea的20个特有种）。Ficus prolixa（Polynesia）似乎与尾柱头属美洲组（Sect. Americana）有亲缘关系。食品药品管理elastica组（昆士兰州，巴布亚，所罗门群岛）似乎与非洲的Urostigma组Bibracteata有关。F，benghalensis组平行于龙脑香科的分布，但不发生在非洲。
Ficus displays many problems fundamental to the distribution of tropical plants. As a natural g-enus, one of the most derived of its family, it shows that these problems refer not to the origin of the genus or of its major groups, but to the subsequent course of sectional evolution. Detailed morphological revision must, therefore, precede phytogeography. The facts, here epitomised, are based on monographic revision of the species of Asia and Australasia, and have not been called from other writings. Seed-dispersal in Ficus must be accompanied by dispersal of the pollinating wasp. It seems true, as Beccari pointed out, that the large banyans have an advantage in this respect over small trees impeded by the dense forest.Two subgenera, Pharmaeosycea and Urostigma, suggest a southern migration, but the third subgenus Ficus suggests a northern origin and dispersal. Pharmaeosycea, hitherto regarded as American, has 46 species in Asia and Australasia, and it comprises most of the fig-flora of New Caledonia (26 species in all, 20 endemic species of Pharmaeosycea). Ficus prolixa (Polynesia) seems related to sect. Americana of Urostigma. The F. elastica group (Queensland, Papua, Solomon Islands) seems related to the African sect. Bibracteata of Urostigma. The F, benghalensis group parallels the distribution of the Dipterocarpaceae, but does not occur in Africa.