Evaluation of a Fecal Shedding Test To Detect Badger Social Groups Infected with Mycobacterium bovis.
Evaluation of a Fecal Shedding Test To Detect Badger Social Groups Infected with Mycobacterium bovis.
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DOI：
10.1128/jcm.01226-20
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发表时间：
2020-12-17
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Wellington EMH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Murphy ARJ;Travis ER;Hibberd V;Porter D;Wellington EMH
牛结核病(BTB)是影响英格兰和威尔士养牛业的一种重要经济疾病。由牛分枝杆菌引起的BTB也会引起欧亚獾(Meles Meles)的疾病，这是一种次要的维护宿主。这两个物种之间的疾病传播是双向的。受感染的獾在它们的粪便中排出牛分枝杆菌。英国动植物卫生局(APHA)为环境、食品和农村事务部(DEFRA)组织了一项比较试验，以确定检测獾粪便中牛分枝杆菌的性能。牛结核病(BTB)是影响英格兰和威尔士养牛业的一种重要经济疾病。由牛分枝杆菌引起的BTB也会引起欧亚獾(Meles Meles)的疾病，这是一种次要的维护宿主。这两个物种之间的疾病传播是双向的。受感染的獾在它们的粪便中排出牛分枝杆菌。英国动植物卫生局(APHA)为环境、食品和农村事务部(DEFRA)组织了一项比较试验，以确定检测獾粪便中牛分枝杆菌的性能。在这里，我们评估了现有的Warwick Fast24-qPCR测试及其基于高通量DNA提取方法的改进版本(Fast96-qPCR)的性能。我们发现Fast24-qPCR的敏感性为96.7%(95%可信区间为94.5~99%；n = 为244)，特异性为99%(95%CI为97.8~100%；n = 为292)。Fast96-qPCR需要进一步优化。确定獾社会群体的疾病状态需要对每个群体进行多次测试。因此，为了进一步提高特异性，我们在阳性样本上独立地重复了Fast24-qPCR检测，通过要求第二个阳性结果来增加严格性。重复检测FAST24-qPCR的灵敏度为87.3%(95%CI，83.1~91.5%；n = 244)，特异度为100%(95%CI，100~100；n = 201)。在社会群体层面上，这种重复测试使Fast24-qPCR具有高度的羊群特异性，而每组检测多个样本则提供了高的羊群敏感性。通过Fast24-qPCR，我们提供了一种社会群体水平的测试，具有足够的特异性和灵敏度，通过厕所采样来监测獾的脱落，提供了一个潜在的有价值的工具来衡量结核病控制措施的影响。
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an economically important disease affecting the cattle industry in England and Wales. bTB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, also causes disease in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), a secondary maintenance host. Disease transmission between these two species is bidirectional. Infected badgers shed M. bovis in their feces. The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) of the United Kingdom organized a comparative trial to determine the performance of tests in detecting M. bovis in badger feces for the Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an economically important disease affecting the cattle industry in England and Wales. bTB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, also causes disease in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), a secondary maintenance host. Disease transmission between these two species is bidirectional. Infected badgers shed M. bovis in their feces. The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) of the United Kingdom organized a comparative trial to determine the performance of tests in detecting M. bovis in badger feces for the Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Here, we assessed the performance of the existing Warwick Fast24-qPCR test and its modified version based on a high-throughput DNA extraction method (Fast96-qPCR). We found Fast24-qPCR to have a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.5 to 99%; n = 244) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI, 97.8 to 100%; n = 292). Fast96-qPCR requires further optimization. Determining the disease status of badger social groups requires multiple tests per group. Therefore, to increase specificity further, we independently repeated the Fast24-qPCR test on positive samples, increasing stringency by requiring a second positive result. Fast24-qPCR with repeat testing had a sensitivity of 87.3% (95% CI, 83.1 to 91.5%; n = 244), and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 100 to 100; n = 201) on an individual-sample level. At the social-group level, this repeat testing gives Fast24-qPCR high herd specificity, while testing multiple samples per group provides high herd sensitivity. With Fast24-qPCR, we provide a social-group-level test with sufficient specificity and sensitivity to monitor shedding in badgers via latrine sampling, delivering a potentially valuable tool to measure the impacts of bTB control measures.