Seismicity Along the South American Subduction Zone: Large Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Subduction Zone Complexity
Seismicity Along the South American Subduction Zone: Large Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Subduction Zone Complexity
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南美俯冲带沿线的地震活动：大地震、海啸和俯冲带复杂性
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
S. Bilek
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作者：
S. Bilek
沿着南美俯冲带的地震沿着浅部表现出不均匀破裂特征，可以追溯到该地区几个世纪的地震记录。这种异质性表现在几个方面，如破裂模式的变化，从一个世纪的N8级事件，随后在其他时间段较小的，以及不寻常的海啸事件。地震破裂与俯冲板块的复杂性之间也存在着明显的相互作用。纳斯卡俯冲板块存在显着的复杂性，包括断裂带和山脊，例如大型纳斯卡山脊。在洋脊俯冲区域发生了几次大规模地震，但没有地震破裂通过这些特征破裂到邻近区域，这表明这些俯冲特征对边缘起了分割作用。其他特征，如纳斯卡板块上的断裂带和可变沉积厚度，似乎会在很大范围的震级尺度上影响地震行为。上板块的特征，如地壳断层，也导致不均匀的地震行为。在这里，我提供了一个概述的地震活动沿着边缘自1850年以来的背景下，俯冲带结构。这包括1906年厄瓜多尔和1960年智利的大地震。我还提出的结果表明，增加破裂的复杂性，在中等规模的地震，也可以链接到某些纳斯卡板块功能。
article i nfo Earthquakes along the shallow South American subduction zone exhibit heterogeneous rupture characteristics, going back several centuries of the earthquake record in this area. This heterogeneity is manifest in several ways, such as changes in rupture mode from magnitude N8 events during one century followed by smaller ones in other time periods, as well as unusual tsunami events. There is also an apparent interaction between earthquake rupture and subducting plate complexity in this region. Significant complexity exists on the subducting Nazca plate, including fracture zones and ridges such as the large Nazca Ridge. Several large magnitude earthquakes have occurred in the region of ridge subduction, but no earthquake rupture has ruptured through these features into adjacent regions, suggesting that these subducting features act to segment the margin. Other features, such as fracture zones and variable sediment thickness on the Nazca Plate, appear to influence earthquake behavior over a wide range of magnitude scales. Upper plate features such as crustal faults also lead to heterogeneous earthquake behavior. Here I provide an overview of seismicity along the margin since 1850 in the context of the subduction zone structures. This includes great earthquakes such as the 1906 Ecuador and 1960 Chile events. I also present results showing increased rupture complexity in moderate magnitude earthquakes that can also be linked to certain Nazca Plate features.