Unconscious processing of facial affect in children and adolescents
Unconscious processing of facial affect in children and adolescents
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DOI：
10.1080/17470910701214186
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Killgore, William D. S.;Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A.
在之前的一项研究中，我们证明了杏仁核和前扣带回对下意识呈现的快乐和悲伤的面孔有不同的反应。由于感知传达悲伤的微妙面部信号的能力是亲社会发展的一个重要方面，并且对移情行为至关重要，因此我们使用后向掩蔽范式从发展的角度研究了这一现象。在进行功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）时，10名健康的青少年儿童被呈现一系列快乐和悲伤的面部表情，每个表情持续20 ms，并立即被中性面孔掩盖，以防止有意识地意识到情感表达。相对于固定基线，掩盖悲伤的面孔激活右侧杏仁核，而掩盖快乐的面孔未能激活任何感兴趣的区域。直接比较戴面具的快乐和悲伤的面孔，发现前扣带回的效价特异性差异。当我们将这些数据与之前的成年人样本进行统计学比较时，青少年组在掩蔽悲伤条件下的右侧杏仁核活动明显高于成年人。在几个非假设区域，各组也存在差异。从青春期到成年期，无意识知觉的发展似乎伴随着边缘系统情感处理系统活动的减少，可能还伴随着其他皮质和小脑系统活动的增加。
In a previous study, with adults, we demonstrated that the amygdala and anterior cingulate gyrus are differentially responsive to happy and sad faces presented subliminally. Because the ability to perceive subtle facial signals communicating sadness is an important aspect of prosocial development, and is critical for empathic behavior, we examined this phenomenon from a developmental perspective using a backward masking paradigm. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 10 healthy adolescent children were presented with a series of happy and sad facial expressions, each lasting 20 ms and masked immediately by a neutral face to prevent conscious awareness of the affective expression. Relative to fixation baseline, masked sad faces activated the right amygdala, whereas masked happy faces failed to activate any of the regions of interest. Direct comparison between masked happy and sad faces revealed valence specific differences in the anterior cingulate gyrus. When the data were compared statistically to our previous sample of adults, the adolescent group showed significantly greater activity in the right amygdala relative to the adults during the masked sad condition. Groups also differed in several non-hypothesized regions. Development of unconscious perception from adolescence into adulthood appears to be accompanied by reduced activity within limbic affect processing systems, and perhaps increased involvement of other cortical and cerebellar systems.