Pentobarbital dose-dependently increases respiratory genioglossus muscle activity while impairing diaphragmatic function in anesthetized rats.
Pentobarbital dose-dependently increases respiratory genioglossus muscle activity while impairing diaphragmatic function in anesthetized rats.
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DOI：
10.1097/aln.0b013e3181a16337
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发表时间：
2009-06
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Chamberlin NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eikermann M;Fassbender P;Zaremba S;Jordan AS;Rosow C;Malhotra A;Chamberlin NL
麻醉剂抑制呼吸肌和上呼吸道扩张肌的活动，从而使上呼吸道处于塌陷的危险中。然而，这些影响是药物依赖性的，可能在不同程度上涉及上气道和膈肌。我们评估了戊巴比妥对大鼠上呼吸道扩张和呼吸泵肌功能的影响，并将这些结果与正常睡眠的影响进行了比较。气管切开大鼠给予递增剂量的戊巴比妥以产生深度镇静，然后进行轻度和深度麻醉，并施加负压气道刺激（n=11）。为了比较戊巴比妥与自然睡眠的效果，我们用颏舌肌和颈部肌电图和脑电图电极对大鼠（n=10）进行了长期仪器化，并比较了清醒、睡眠（快速眼动和非快速眼动）和戊巴比妥麻醉期间的颏舌肌活动。戊巴比妥使通气量和相位性颏舌肌肌电图呈剂量依赖性降低11± 0.1%，但使相位性颏舌肌肌电图增加23± 0.2%。自然非快动眼睡眠和戊巴比妥麻醉（10 mg/kg腹腔注射）分别使呼吸颏舌肌肌电图下降61± 29%和45±35%，自然快动眼睡眠引起的相位颏舌肌肌电图下降最大（95±0.3%）。与清醒状态相比，戊巴比妥在大鼠中损害呼吸颏舌肌活动，但降低程度不大于自然睡眠期间观察到的。在麻醉期间，在没有咽气流的情况下，阶段性颏舌肌活动以剂量依赖性方式增加。
Anesthetics depress both ventilatory and upper airway dilator muscle activity and thus put the upper airway at risk for collapse. However, these effects are agent-dependent and may involve upper airway and diaphragm muscles to varying degrees. We assessed the effects of pentobarbital on upper airway dilator and respiratory pump muscle function in rats, and compared these results with the effects of normal sleep. Tracheostomized rats were given increasing doses of pentobarbital to produce deep sedation, then light and deep anesthesia, and negative pressure airway stimuli were applied (n=11). To compare the effects of pentobarbital with those of natural sleep, we chronically instrumented rats (n=10) with genioglossus and neck electromyogram and electroencephalogram electrodes and compared genioglossus activity during wakefulness, sleep (rapid-eye-movement and non- rapid-eye-movement), and pentobarbital anesthesia. Pentobarbital caused a dose-dependent decrease in ventilation and in phasic diaphragmatic electromyogram by 11±0.1%, but increased phasic genioglossus electromyogram by 23±0.2%. Natural non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and pentobarbital anesthesia (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) decreased respiratory genioglossus electromyogram by 61±29%, and 45±35% respectively, and natural rapid-eye-movement sleep caused the greatest decrease in phasic genioglossus electromyogram (95±0.3%). Pentobarbital in rats impairs respiratory genioglossus activity compared to the awake state, but the decrease is no greater than seen during natural sleep. During anesthesia, in the absence of pharyngeal airflow, phasic genioglossus activity is increased in a dose-dependent fashion.