Membrane protein nanoparticles: the shape of things to come.
Membrane protein nanoparticles: the shape of things to come.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20180139
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发表时间：
2018-12-17
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Lee SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simon KS;Pollock NL;Lee SC
使用苯乙烯-马来酸 (SMA) 从原核和真核来源纯化多种膜蛋白 (MP) 已开始在 MP 生物学领域产生影响。这种方法作为纯化和彻底研究 MP 和生物膜的结构和功能的方法越来越受欢迎。两亲性 SMA 共聚物可以有效地直接从天然脂质双层中提取 MP，形成直径约 10 nm 的圆盘。所得脂质颗粒或苯乙烯-马来酸脂质颗粒 (SMALP) 含有 SMA、蛋白质和膜脂。在 SMALP 中纯化的 MP 能够保留其天然结构，并且在许多情况下保留功能活性，并且越来越多的证据表明，与去污剂纯化的蛋白质相比，使用 SMA 纯化的 MP 具有增强的热稳定性。 SMALP 方法用途广泛，并且与跨分类领域的多种细胞类型兼容。它可以很容易地用于替代许多蛋白质纯化方法中的去垢剂，通常只需对现有方案进行微小的改变即可。此外，生物物理分析和结构测定现在可能对许多大型、不稳定的 MP 来说是可能的。在这里，我们回顾了 SMALP 纯化领域的最新进展以及它如何影响 MP 生物学领域，批判性地评估了该方法的最新进展，解决了一些可能尚未解决的相关技术挑战，并讨论了利用 SMALP 来扩大我们对 MP 结构和功能特性的理解的机会。
The use of styrene–maleic acid (SMA) for the purification of a wide range of membrane proteins (MPs) from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources has begun to make an impact in the field of MP biology. This method is growing in popularity as a means to purify and thoroughly investigate the structure and function of MPs and biological membranes. The amphiphilic SMA copolymer can effectively extract MPs directly from a native lipid bilayer to form discs ∼10 nm in diameter. The resulting lipid particles, or styrene–maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), contain SMA, protein and membrane lipid. MPs purified in SMALPs are able to retain their native structure and, in many cases, functional activity, and growing evidence suggests that MPs purified using SMA have enhanced thermal stability compared with detergent-purified proteins. The SMALP method is versatile and is compatible with a wide range of cell types across taxonomic domains. It can readily be adapted to replace detergent in many protein purification methods, often with only minor changes made to the existing protocol. Moreover, biophysical analysis and structural determination may now be a possibility for many large, unstable MPs. Here, we review recent advances in the area of SMALP purification and how it is affecting the field of MP biology, critically assess recent progress made with this method, address some of the associated technical challenges which may remain unresolved and discuss opportunities for exploiting SMALPs to expand our understanding of structural and functional properties of MPs.