The Scottish lochs
The Scottish lochs
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苏格兰的湖泊
DOI：
10.1016/0033-5894(80)90009-5
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发表时间：
1970
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
T. Weir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Weir
从克鲁特兰冰川的五个被植被覆盖的冰芯冰碛上收集的表层湖泥和苔藓标本中研究了现代花粉组合。最年轻的冰碛（K-II）花粉值高的是柳、羊蹄草，K-III高的是柳、加拿大羊蹄草，低的是羊蹄草和云杉，K-IV高的是桦树、柳、羊蹄草，K-V和Harris Creek冰碛（HCM）花粉值高的是云杉。通过典型变量分析对变异进行总结。冰川东部高地海鸥湖的花粉百分比图记录了自1220 - 14C年前白河火山灰沉积以来的植被发育情况。最初物种丰富的无树植被被桦树-桤木-柳树灌木-苔原所取代，这是一个开放的云杉森林，类似于现在湖周围的植被。HCM上的遗址显示出两种基本地层。三角湖反映了类似于今天K-III的Salix-Shepherdia canadensis灌丛，经过K-IV类型的开放云杉林，再到K-V和HCM类型的封闭云杉林的植被演替。心湖和棉花塘反映了河西云杉林下冰融化后的植被发育。这两种类型是通过将化石光谱定位在现代地表光谱的前两个典型变量轴上来总结的。
Modern pollen assemblages have been studied from surficial lake muds and moss polsters collected from five vegetated ice-cored moraines of the Klutlan Glacier. The youngest vegetated moraine (K-II) is characterized by high pollen values for Salix and Hedysarum, K-III by high Salix and Shepherdia canadensis and low Hedysarum and Picea, K-IV by high Betula, Salix, and Shepherdia, and K-V and the Harris Creek moraine (HCM) by high Picea. Variations are summarized by canonical variates analysis. A percentage pollen diagram from Gull Lake on the upland east of the glacier records vegetational development since the deposition of the White River volcanic ash 1220 14C yr ago. An initial species-rich treeless vegetation was replaced by birch-alder-willow shrub-tundra, and this by open Picea glauca forest similar to present vegetation around the lake. Sites on HCM show two basic stratigraphies. Triangle Lake reflects vegetational succession from Salix-Shepherdia canadensis scrub similar to that on K-III today, through open Picea woodland of K-IV type, to closed Picea forests of K-V and HCM. Heart Lake and Cotton Pond reflect vegetational development following melting of ice underlying the spruce forests of HCM. These two types are summarized by positioning the fossil spectra on the first two canonical variate axes of the modern surface spectra.