Incorporating ecogeomorphic feedbacks to better understand resiliency in streams: A review and directions forward
Incorporating ecogeomorphic feedbacks to better understand resiliency in streams: A review and directions forward
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结合生态地貌反馈以更好地理解河流的弹性：回顾和前进方向
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.07.016
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Nickerson, Zachary L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atkinson, Carla L.;Allen, Daniel C.;Davis, Lisa;Nickerson, Zachary L.
数十年的跨学科研究表明，河流的形式和功能取决于生物和非生物世界之间的相互作用，但生态地貌工作的主导范式包括自上而下的单向方法，非生物力量驱动生物系统。河流的形态和在河流网络中的位置决定了生物的栖息地和资源以及整体群落结构。然而，这种传统的等级框架本身不足以传达有关生物系统对河流地貌的影响的信息，这些影响导致河道形态，沉积物循环和系统尺度功能（例如，产沙量、土壤地球化学养分循环）。生物影响河流地貌的大量证据存在，特别是水生植被和湖泊动物改变流速和沉积物沉积和运输的能力，从而挑战传统的等级框架。研究人员认识到需要生态地貌框架，概念化生物，沉积物运输和地貌结构之间的反馈。此外，重要的生态系统过程，如地球化学养分循环代表了地貌和生物系统之间正在发生的对话。在这里，我们回顾和综合选定的案例研究，强调生物体在缓和地貌过程中发挥的作用，并可能与这些过程相互作用，对一个重要的生态系统过程，生态地球化学养分循环的影响。我们探讨生物物理的相互作用是否可以提供必要的信息，以提高系统规模的河流功能，特别是泥沙运移和地球化学循环的预测，并讨论用于研究这些相互作用的工具。我们建议，目前的概念框架应该承认，水文，地貌和生态过程在不同的时间尺度上运作，产生双向反馈回路的空间和时间。水文和地貌过程，在满岸条件下间歇性地运行，影响生态过程（例如，在基流条件下发生在较长时间段内的地球化学循环。这种生态活动产生了影响下一个高流量事件期间发生的水文和地貌过程的先决条件，创造了双向反馈。这种反馈应能增强河流地貌和生态系统进程的复原力，使物理和生物进程能够随着时间的推移相互推拉。
Decades of interdisciplinary research show river form and function depends on interactions between the living and nonliving world, but a dominant paradigm underlying ecogeomorphic work consists of a top-down, unidirectional approach with abiotic forces driving biotic systems. Stream form and location within the stream network does dictate the habitat and resources available for organisms and overall community structure. Yet this traditional hierarchal framework on its own is inadequate in communicating information regarding the influence of biological systems on fluvial geomorphology that lead to changes in channel morphology, sediment cycling, and system-scale functions (e.g., sediment yield, biogeochemical nutrient cycling). Substantial evidence that organisms influence fluvial geomorphology exists, specifically the ability of aquatic vegetation and lotic animals to modify flow velocities and sediment deposition and transport — thus challenging the traditional hierarchal framework. Researchers recognize the need for ecogeomorphic frameworks that conceptualize feedbacks between organisms, sediment transport, and geomorphic structure. Furthermore, vital ecosystem processes, such as biogeochemical nutrient cycling represent the conversations that are occurring between geomorphological and biological systems. Here we review and synthesize selected case studies highlighting the role organisms play in moderating geomorphic processes and likely interact with these processes to have an impact on an essential ecosystem process, biogeochemical nutrient recycling. We explore whether biophysical interactions can provide information essential to improving predictions of system-scale river functions, specifically sediment transport and biogeochemical cycling, and discuss tools used to study these interactions. We suggest that current conceptual frameworks should acknowledge that hydrologic, geomorphologic, and ecologic processes operate on different temporal scales, generating bidirectional feedback loops over space and time. Hydro- and geomorphologic processes, operating episodically during bankfull conditions, influence ecological processes (e.g., biogeochemical cycling) occurring over longer time periods during base-flow conditions. This ecological activity generates the antecedent conditions that influence the hydro- and geomorphologic processes occurring during the next high flow event, creating a bidirectional feedback. This feedback should enhance the resiliency of fluvial landforms and ecosystem processes, allowing physical and biological processes to pull and push against each other over time.
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