Felt seismicity associated with shale gas hydraulic fracturing: The first documented example in Europe
Felt seismicity associated with shale gas hydraulic fracturing: The first documented example in Europe
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DOI：
10.1002/2014gl062047
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发表时间：
2014-12-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Turner, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, Huw;Eisner, Leo;Turner, Peter
我们描述了2011年在英国布莱克浦附近的Preese Hall 1探井的石炭纪Bowland页岩水力压裂过程中感觉到的地震活动的起源。地震活动是水力压裂和断层相互作用的结果，断层当时的位置未知，但后来被定位，而且没有与井眼相交。使用波形互相关来检测序列中的50个事件。利用记录最好的地震事件计算了一个典型的震源和走滑震源机制。据计算，震源位于东部300-400米，低于注入点330-360米，并显示位于利用三维地震成像的断层上，深度约为2930米。三维测量表明，不仅事件震源，而且震源机制与随后在晚石炭世(华力西)盆地反转期间形成的可识别的挤压断层强烈相关。
We describe the origin of felt seismicity during the hydraulic fracturing of the Carboniferous Bowland Shale at the Preese Hall 1 exploration well near Blackpool in the UK during 2011. The seismicity resulted from the interaction of hydraulic fracturing and a fault, the location of which was unknown at the time but has subsequently been located and does not intersect the well borehole. Waveform cross correlation is used to detect 50 events in the sequence. A representative hypocenter and strike-slip focal mechanism is calculated using the best recorded seismic event. The hypocenter is calculated to lie 300-400m east, and 330-360m below the injection point and shown to lie on a fault imaged using 3-D seismic at a depth of about 2930m. The 3-D survey shows that not only the event hypocenter but also the focal mechanism correlates strongly with a subsequently identifiable transpressional fault formed during the Late Carboniferous (Variscan) basin inversion.