Population genetic structure and the effect of founder events on the genetic variability of moose, Alces alces, in Canada
Population genetic structure and the effect of founder events on the genetic variability of moose, Alces alces, in Canada
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00695.x
复制
发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Davidson, WS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broders, HG;Mahoney, SP;Davidson, WS
驼鹿（Alces alces）在加拿大大部分地区自然分布，但在纽芬兰岛和布雷顿角岛也有已知数量的成功引入。使用了五个微卫星位点来研究加拿大驼鹿的种群遗传结构以及由于奠基者效应导致的遗传变异性的任何变化。对该国11个地区驼鹿的等位基因频率进行比较表明，在北美至少有七个遗传上不同的种群（P < 0.05），即阿尔伯塔省、安大略省东部、新不伦瑞克省、布雷顿角、拉布拉多、纽芬兰岛西部和纽芬兰岛的阿瓦隆半岛。平均种群杂合度约为33%（范围从22%到41%）。对Nei遗传距离进行的UPGMA分析所产生的聚类图与考虑地理位置和种群历史时所预期的相似。由于单次奠基者效应（n = 3；两次引入和一次自然定殖）导致的杂合度损失范围从14%到30%，由于连续两次奠基者效应（一次引入后接着一次自然定殖）导致的杂合度累积损失为46%。在这些例子中，遗传变异性的丧失与任何已知的表型偏差均无关，这表明种群可能由少数奠基者建立。然而，这些奠基种群在进化时间尺度上的生存能力无法确定，且高度依赖于偶然因素。
Moose, Alces alces, occur naturally throughout most of Canada but successful introductions of known numbers of animals have been made to the islands of Newfoundland and Cape Breton. Five microsatellite loci were used to investigate the population genetic structure and any change in genetic variability due to founder events of moose in Canada. Comparisons of allele frequencies for moose from 11 regions of the country suggested that there are at least seven genetically distinct populations (P < 0.05) in North America, namely Alberta, eastern Ontario, New Brunswick, Cape Breton, Labrador, western Newfoundland, and the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. The average population heterozygosity was approximately 33% (range from 22 to 41%). UPGMA analysis of Nei's genetic distances produced phenograms similar to what would be expected when geographical location and population history are considered, The loss of heterozygosity due to a single founder event (n = 3; two introductions and a natural colonization) ranged from 14 to 30%, and the cumulative loss of heterozygosity due to two successive founder events (an introduction followed by a natural colonization) was 46%. In these examples loss of genetic variability has not been associated with any known phenotypic deviances, suggesting that populations may be established from a small number of founders. However, the viability of these founded populations over evolutionary timescales cannot be determined and is highly dependent upon chance.