Insights about personality traits and cognitive performance and decline in adults 51-59 Years old from the Wisconsin longitudinal study.
Insights about personality traits and cognitive performance and decline in adults 51-59 Years old from the Wisconsin longitudinal study.
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来自威斯康星州纵向研究的关于 51-59 岁成年人的人格特征和认知表现及衰退的见解。
DOI：
10.1002/gps.5852
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Fairchild,JenniferK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beaudreau,SherryA;Gould,ChristineE;Hantke,NathanC;Kramer,AbigailO;Suresh,Madhuvanthi;Jo,Booil;Fairchild,JenniferK
目的描述美国老年人年龄同质样本中早期认知变化的中年人格维度。设计来自威斯康星州纵向研究（WLS）的6133名成年人的纵向研究。测量来自WLS的中年参与者（平均年龄= 53.2; SD = 0.6）在1992年完成了“大五人格"评估。混合效应模型研究了中年人格特质是否与参与者从60年代中期（2004-2005）到70年代初（2011）的认知表现变化相关。认知成套测验评估抽象推理（AR）、类别流畅性（CF）、工作记忆（WM）和延迟言语记忆（DVM）。调整性别，教育和主观health.ResultsHigh开放性模型是一个显着的预测AR，CF和DVM的变化。这些认知结果在具有高开放性的人中下降较少，但开放性随时间的效应量很小（R2 s < 0.01）。AR和CF的特点是具有高开放性的更高的整体性能，但最高和最低开放性四分位数的变化相对平行。在第二次评估中，对DVM的开放性没有优势。高责任心是一个预测更多的变化DVM，虽然效果大小是小的（R2< 0.01）。中年开放性对认知的影响最显著。针对开放性的干预措施有可能在某些认知领域提高和维持更高的表现阈值，但可能对认知变化的影响很小。
ObjectivesTo delineate midlife personality dimensions of early cognitive change in an age‐homogenous sample of U.S. older adults.DesignLongitudinal study of 6133 adults from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS).MeasuresMiddle‐aged participants (mean age = 53.2; SD = 0.6) from the WLS completed the ‘Big‐5’ personality assessment in 1992. Mixed effects models examined whether midlife personality traits were associated with change in cognitive performance from participant's mid‐60s (2004–2005) to early 70s (2011). The cognitive battery assessed abstract reasoning (AR), category fluency (CF), working memory (WM), and delayed verbal memory (DVM). Models adjusted for sex, education, and subjective health.ResultsHigh Openness was a significant predictor of change in AR, CF, and DVM. These cognitive outcomes declined less among those with high Openness, but the effect sizes for Openness by time were small (R2s < 0.01). AR and CF were characterized by higher overall performance with high Openness, but with relatively parallel change for the highest and lowest Openness quartiles. There was no advantage of Openness to DVM by the second assessment. High Conscientiousness was a predictor of more change for DVM, though the effect size was small (R2< 0.01).ConclusionsNone of the midlife personality traits were uniformly associated with change in cognitive performance in early older adulthood. High midlife Openness had the most noteworthy impact on cognition. Interventions designed to target Openness have potential to elevate and maintain a higher threshold of performance in some cognitive domains, but may only have a small impact on cognitive change.