On the Levy-Walk Nature of Human Mobility
On the Levy-Walk Nature of Human Mobility
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DOI：
10.1109/tnet.2011.2120618
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chong, Song
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rhee, Injong;Shin, Minsu;Chong, Song
我们报告说，人类步行模式包含在利维步行中观察到的统计相似特征。这些特征包括重尾飞行和暂停时间分布以及移动性的超扩散性质。人类行走不是随机行走，但令人惊讶的是人类行走和 Levy 行走的模式包含一些统计相似性。我们的研究基于从 5 个不同户外地点的 101 名志愿者收集的 226 条日常 GPS 轨迹。人员流动的重尾飞行分布导致了出行的超扩散性，但由于人们日常活动的边界效应而长达30分钟至1小时，这是由于人们倾向于在日常活动的预定（也是有限的）区域内移动而造成的。这些趋势并未在随机路径点 (RWP) 等常见移动模型中得到体现。为了评估这些趋势对移动网络性能的影响，我们构建了一个简单的截断 Levy 步行移动 (TLW) 模型，该模型模拟我们分析中观察到的统计特征，并在该模型下测量延迟容忍网络 (DTN) 和移动自组织网络 (MANET) 中路由协议的性能。结果表明如下。较高的扩散率会导致 DTN 中的接触时间更短，以及 MANET 中的路径持续时间更短，成功概率更高。 TLW 的扩散率介于 RWP 和布朗运动 (BM) 之间。因此，与 TLW 下的性能相比，移动网络研究中常用的 RWP 下的路由性能对于 DTN 往往被高估，而对于 MANET 则被低估。
We report that human walk patterns contain statistically similar features observed in Levy walks. These features include heavy-tail flight and pause-time distributions and the super-diffusive nature of mobility. Human walks are not random walks, but it is surprising that the patterns of human walks and Levy walks contain some statistical similarity. Our study is based on 226 daily GPS traces collected from 101 volunteers in five different outdoor sites. The heavy-tail flight distribution of human mobility induces the super-diffusivity of travel, but up to 30 min to 1 h due to the boundary effect of people's daily movement, which is caused by the tendency of people to move within a predefined (also confined) area of daily activities. These tendencies are not captured in common mobility models such as random way point (RWP). To evaluate the impact of these tendencies on the performance of mobile networks, we construct a simple truncated Levy walk mobility (TLW) model that emulates the statistical features observed in our analysis and under which we measure the performance of routing protocols in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The results indicate the following. Higher diffusivity induces shorter intercontact times in DTN and shorter path durations with higher success probability in MANET. The diffusivity of TLW is in between those of RWP and Brownian motion (BM). Therefore, the routing performance under RWP as commonly used in mobile network studies and tends to be overestimated for DTNs and underestimated for MANETs compared to the performance under TLW.