Responses of Manx Shearwaters to Handicapping and Its Implications for the Coordination of Care
Responses of Manx Shearwaters to Handicapping and Its Implications for the Coordination of Care
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2021.655923
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发表时间：
2021-05-07
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Guilford, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillies, Natasha;Syposz, Martyna;Guilford, Tim
海鸟在偏远的繁殖地照顾它们的后代，那里的觅食地点遥远且可能不可预测，在父母外出觅食期间，幼鸟长时间无人陪伴，这使它们容易受到捕食或饥饿的威胁。减轻这种风险的一种方法是个体与配偶协调育雏职责。现在已知许多双亲育雏和合作繁殖的物种会协调它们的照顾行为，尽管其背后的机制尚未完全了解。在马恩岛 shearwaters（鹱属的一种）中，父母双方以协调的方式交替孵卵。为了弄清楚哪些过程可能是这种行为模式的基础，我们给亲鸟施加了翼载障碍以降低它们的觅食效率，迫使它们在延长觅食行程和在自身状态未恢复到最佳水平就返回巢穴之间做出选择。我们发现，有障碍的亲鸟的觅食行程明显比正常情况长，其配偶的反应是延长孵卵时间，这表明孵卵时间不是预先确定的。然而，觅食行程的时长以及觅食归来的鸟的体重似乎是由配偶的状态所调节的。这些结果表明，虽然觅食行程的时长在很大程度上是由觅食鸟恢复自身状态损失的需要所驱动的，但父母之间的信息传递可能促进了一种更具合作性的机制，即觅食鸟所做的决定仍然考虑到配偶的状态。
Seabirds care for their offspring in remote breeding colonies where foraging sites are distant and may be unpredictable, and where chicks are left unaccompanied for extended periods during their parents' foraging trips, leaving them vulnerable to predation or starvation. One way to mitigate this risk is for individuals to coordinate parenting duties with their partner. Many biparental and cooperatively breeding species are now known to coordinate their care, though the mechanisms underlying this are not well understood. In Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus), both parents alternate shifts of incubation in a coordinated manner. To resolve which processes may underlie this routine, we imposed a wing-loading handicap on parents to reduce their foraging efficiency, forcing them to choose between an extended foraging trip or to return to the nest before their condition has recovered to optimal levels. We found that handicapped parents took significantly longer trips than normal, to which their partner responded by lengthening their incubation shift, suggesting shift durations are not pre-determined. However, the duration of foraging trips and the mass at which foraging birds returned to the nest appeared to be mediated by the condition of the partner. These results suggest that while foraging trip duration is largely driven by the need for the foraging bird to recoup its own condition losses, information-transfer between the parents may facilitate a more cooperative mechanism whereby the decisions made by foraging birds still account for the condition of their partner.