Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults
Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults
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DOI：
10.1042/cs20070332
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Wisloff, Ulrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schjerve, Inga E.;Tyldum, Gjertrud A.;Wisloff, Ulrik
有规律的运动训练被认为是改善肥胖患者工作能力、内皮功能和心血管风险的有力工具，但尚不清楚高强度有氧运动、中等强度有氧运动或力量训练中哪一种是最佳运动模式。在本研究中，共有40名受试者被随机分配到高强度间歇有氧训练，连续中等强度有氧训练或最大力量训练计划，12周，每周3次。高强度组以最大心率的85-95%进行有氧间歇步行/跑步，而中等强度组以最大心率的60-70%进行连续运动;方案是等热量的。力量训练组进行“高强度”压腿、腹部和背部力量训练。所有组的最大摄氧量和内皮功能均有所改善;高强度训练后观察到最大改善，中等强度有氧训练和力量训练后观察到同等改善。高强度有氧训练和力量训练与增加PGC-1 α（过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1 α）水平和改善骨骼肌中的Ca 2+转运相关，而只有力量训练改善抗氧化状态。力量训练和中等强度的有氧训练都能降低氧化LDL（低密度脂蛋白）水平。只有有氧训练能降低体重和舒张压。结论：大强度有氧间歇训练在提高有氧工作能力和内皮功能方面优于中等强度有氧训练。对改善有氧工作能力、内皮功能和心血管健康的重要贡献来自力量训练，当全身有氧运动禁忌或难以进行时，力量训练可以作为替代。
Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85-95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60-70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed 'high-intensity' leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1 alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha) levels and improved Ca2+ transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.