Macrosystems ecology: understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales
Macrosystems ecology: understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales
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DOI：
10.1890/130017
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Weathers, Kathleen C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heffernan, James B.;Soranno, Patricia A.;Weathers, Kathleen C.
宏观系统生态学是在区域到大陆的尺度上研究各种生态现象及其与其他尺度上现象的相互作用。这个新兴的分支学科在这些广泛的尺度上解决生态问题和环境问题。在这里，我们描述了这个新领域，展示了它与现代生态学研究的关系，并强调了从宏观系统的角度来看的机会。我们提出了一个层次结构的框架，在任何级别的生态组织，并在更广泛和更精细的尺度调查宏观系统。建立在完善的理论和概念，从生态学的其他子学科，我们确定反馈，遥远的地区之间的联系，以及跨尺度的空间和时间的相互作用，在宏观系统中的意外和新颖的行为的最有可能的来源。我们提出了三个例子，突出了这种多尺度系统的角度来理解生态的地区大陆的重要性。
Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales. This emerging subdiscipline addresses ecological questions and environmental problems at these broad scales. Here, we describe this new field, show how it relates to modern ecological study, and highlight opportunities that stem from taking a macrosystems perspective. We present a hierarchical framework for investigating macrosystems at any level of ecological organization and in relation to broader and finer scales. Building on well-established theory and concepts from other subdisciplines of ecology, we identify feedbacks, linkages among distant regions, and interactions that cross scales of space and time as the most likely sources of unexpected and novel behaviors in macrosystems. We present three examples that highlight the importance of this multiscaled systems perspective for understanding the ecology of regions to continents.