The story of the Higgs boson: the origin of mass in early particle physics
The story of the Higgs boson: the origin of mass in early particle physics
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希格斯玻色子的故事:早期粒子物理学中质量的起源
DOI:
10.1140/epjh/e2014-50026-9
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
A. Borrelli
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
A. Borrelli
On July 4th 2012 scientists at CERN announced that the ATLAS and CMS collaborations working at the Large Hadron Collider had observed a particle whose characteristics were compatible with those of the long-sought Higgs boson, the only elementary particle of the Standard Model on whose existence doubts still lingered (CERN press release Jul 4th 2012). More comprehensive data analyses later confirmed that the particle discovered fully matched the profile of the Higgs boson: a scalar (ie spin 0) particle whose interactions fit the prescriptions of the Standard Model (CERN press release Mar 14th 2013). The scientific relevance of this result resides not only in the further confirmation of the validity of the Standard Model, but also, and indeed especially, in the fact that the Higgs boson has a special status among elementary particles, a status often expressed colloquially by saying that it “gives mass” to all others particles.How did the Higgs boson attain such a special status? Today, the connection between the Higgs particle and the origin of mass passes through a mathematical construct usually referred to as the “Higgs mechanism” 1. As we shall discuss in detail later on, this mechanism is today characterized as the “spontaneous breakdown of a local gauge symmetry” and is seen as having emerged in the early 1960s from the combined efforts of a broad network of theorists (Karaca 2013). The perception of this mathematical structure as a key to understanding the origin of mass has dominated particle research since decades, as expressed in the motivations for awarding research prizes to some of its many alleged creators 2: the 2004 Wolf prize in physics “for
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DOI:
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208463.001.0001
发表时间:
2008
影响因子:
1
作者:
Gordon Fraser
通讯作者:
Gordon Fraser
DOI:
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
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通讯作者:
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1958
期刊:
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--
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通讯作者:
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1989
期刊:
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--
作者:
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通讯作者:
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影响因子:
56.9
作者:
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通讯作者:
A. Salam