Transposition and its generalization in common marmosets.
Transposition and its generalization in common marmosets.
复制标题
转座及其在普通狨猴中的推广。
DOI：
10.1037/xan0000027
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
& Watanabe,S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamazaki,Y.;Saiki,M.;Inada,M.;Iriki,A.;& Watanabe,S.
长期以来，动物在换位测试中是否使用关系线索一直被认为是一个有争议的问题。在目前的研究中，我们考察了普通的绒猴是否能够对未经训练的刺激对的关系反应进行泛化，并进一步将这些泛化应用于未知形状。受试者接受了使用一对刺激进行简单辨别任务的训练。刺激的大小不同，受试者被要求根据给定的偶发事件从两个大小中选择较大或较小的。在经历了几次颠倒之后，受试者接受了两种不同的测试：移位和形状概括。在换位测试试验中，呈现的方块大小不同于训练试验中使用的方块，受试者根据刺激的相对大小选择刺激。在形状泛化测试中，用训练刺激呈现了5组相对大小相同的新形状。受试者的表现表明成功地换位到新的刺激对，进一步的分析表明，当测试刺激与训练的刺激具有相同的物理特征时，如外部长度和线段的数量，则更有可能发生换位。因此，本研究证明了基于相对大小的普通绒猴的转座能力，包括具有和不具有共同形状特征的相对大小，并提供了一种可能的方法来指定关键刺激特征，通过这些特征可以更容易地观察到转座。
Whether animals use relational cues in transposition tests has long been considered a controversial issue. In the present study, we examined whether common marmosets could generalize relational responses to untrained stimulus pairs and further apply these generalizations to unknown shapes. The subjects were trained to perform simple discrimination tasks using a pair of stimuli. The stimuli differed in size, and the subjects were required to select the larger or smaller of the 2 sizes, depending on the given contingencies. After experiencing several reversals, the subjects were examined using 2 different tests: transposition and shape generalization. In the transposition test trials, in which squares of different sizes than those used in the training trials were presented, the subjects selected the stimulus based on the relative size of the stimulus. In the shape generalization tests, sets of 5 novel shapes with the same relative sizes were presented with the training stimuli. The subjects’ performance indicated successful transposition to the novel stimulus pairs, and further analysis showed that transposition was more likely to occur when the test stimuli shared physical features, such as the outer length and the number of line segments, with the trained stimuli. Thus, the present study demonstrated the robust ability of transposition in common marmosets based on relative size, both with and without common shape features, and offered a possible method for specifying the critical stimulus features through which transposition can be more readily observed.