Metacognition of agency: proximal action and distal outcome
Metacognition of agency: proximal action and distal outcome
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-012-3371-6
复制
发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Miele, David B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Metcalfe, Janet;Eich, Teal S.;Miele, David B.
在两项实验中研究了有助于人们对能动性元认知的线索，在这两项实验中，人们玩了一个电脑游戏，其中包括尝试通过鼠标移动光标、向下滚动 X（实验 1）或尝试“爆炸”向下滚动 X（实验 2）来“触摸”。两项实验都通过在小鼠控制中引入或不引入湍流来改变（a）近端动作相关信息，以及（b）远端结果相关信息，例如在 100% 或 75% 的时间内触摸 X 的“爆炸”。这两个变量都会影响人们的代理判断（JOA），但效果不同。首先，近端变量的代理感下降幅度大于远端变量。其次，虽然近端变量总是对 JOA 有很大的直接影响，即使考虑到性能判断 (JOP)，JOP 也完全考虑了实验 1 中远端变量的影响，其中指令只是触摸 X。即使在实验 2 中，其中的指令是分解 X，远端变量对 JOA 的直接影响也很小。这些数据表明这两种线索表现出不同的心理特征。最近的行动相关信息是机构的诊断线索，表明自己的意图和行动之间的匹配。对意图的内部监控是必要的，因此自我受到牵连。然而，远端结果在很大程度上可以使用代理外部的信息进行监控，因此，虽然人们使用它来做出代理判断，但它是一种非诊断线索。
The cues contributing to people's metacognitions of agency were investigated in two experiments in which people played a computer game that involved trying to "touch", via a mouse moving a cursor, downward scrolling X's (Experiment 1), or trying to "explode" the downward scrolling X's (Experiment 2). Both experiments varied (a) proximal action-related information by either introducing or not introducing Turbulence into the mouse controls and (b) distal outcome-related information such that touched X's "exploded" either 100 or 75 % of the time. Both variables affected people's judgments of agency (JOAs), but the effect was different. First, the decrement in feelings of agency was greater with the proximal variable than with distal variable. Second, while the proximal variable always had a large direct effect on JOAs, even taking judgments of performance (JOPs) into account, JOPs completely accounted for the effect of the distal variable in Experiment 1, where the instructions were just to touch the X's. And even in Experiment 2, in which the instructions were to explode the X's, the direct effect of the distal variable on JOAs was small. These data indicate that these two cues exhibit different psychological profiles. The proximal action-related information is a diagnostic cue to agency indicating the match between one's own intentions and actions. Internal monitoring of intentions is necessary and so the self is implicated. However, distal outcome can be largely monitored using information external to the agent, and so-while it is used by people to make agency judgments-it is a non-diagnostic cue.