Rickettsioses in sub-Saharan Africa
Rickettsioses in sub-Saharan Africa
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1374.005
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Parola, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parola, Philippe
尽管立克次体病是已知最古老的媒介传播人畜共患病之一，但近年来，一些立克次体种或亚种已被确定为世界各地（包括撒哈拉以南非洲地区）的新出现的病原体。迄今为止，已知有六种蜱传斑疹热组致病性立克次体出现在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，其中包括地中海斑疹热的病原体康诺立克次体； R. conorii caspia，阿斯特拉罕热的媒介； R. africae，非洲蜱虫叮咬热的媒介； R. aeschlimannii;西伯利亚蒙古红；和R. Massiliae。另一方面，跳蚤长期以来一直被认为是普遍存在的鼠斑疹伤寒的载体，鼠斑疹伤寒是一种由伤寒杆菌引起的斑疹伤寒群立克次体病。然而，一种新的斑疹热立克次体（R. felis）也被发现与跳蚤有关，是一种人类病原体，并且存在于撒哈拉以南非洲地区。最后，虱传流行性斑疹伤寒病原体普瓦兹基氏菌继续侵袭生活在内战、饥荒和恶劣条件下的撒哈拉以南地区的数万至数十万人。我们概述了撒哈拉以南非洲地区发生的立克次体病，重点关注新出现疾病的流行病学方面。
Although rickettsioses are among the oldest known vector-borne zoonoses, several species or subspecies of rickettsias have been identified in recent years as emerging pathogens throughout the world including in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, six tick-borne spotted fever group pathogenic rickettsias are known to occur in sub-Saharan Africa, including Rickettsia conorii conorii, the agent of Mediterranean spotted fever; R. conorii caspia, the agent of Astrakhan fever; R. africae, the agent of African tick-bite fever; R. aeschlimannii; R. sibirica mongolitinionae; and R. massiliae. On the other hand, fleas have long been known as vectors of the ubiquitous murine typhus, a typhus group rickettsiosis induced by R. typhi. However, a new spotted fever rickettsia, R. felis, has also been found to be associated with fleas, to be a human pathogen, and to be present in sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, R. prowazekii the agent of louse-borne epidemic typhus continues to strikes tens to hundreds of thousands of persons who live in Sub-Saharan with civil war, famine and poor conditions. We present an overview of these rickettsioses occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the epidemiological aspects of emerging diseases.