Understanding how children understand robots: Perceived animism in child-robot interaction
Understanding how children understand robots: Perceived animism in child-robot interaction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.04.003
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Nugent, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beran, Tanya N.;Ramirez-Serrano, Alejandro;Nugent, Sarah
几个世纪前，生命的存在是通过灵魂的存在来解释的（Tylor，1871）。这个术语被称为万物有灵论，在 20 世纪 70 年代被皮亚杰重新定义为幼儿相信无生命的物体能够行动并具有类似生命的品质。随着21世纪机器人的发展，研究人员开始研究儿童对机器人的印象中是否存在明显的万物有灵论。本研究的目的是使用知识结构模型或图式来检查儿童是否将人类的认知、情感和行为品质归因于机器人。位于加拿大西部主要城市的一个科学中心进行了一项实验，并邀请该中心的参观者参加。共纳入 198 名 5-16 岁儿童（中号 = 8.18 岁），其中男孩和女孩的数量大致为偶数。孩子们在观察机器人（一个小型五自由度机械臂）执行积木堆垛任务后完成了半结构化访谈。关于机器人的九个问题的答案根据是否涉及人文品质进行评分。频率和内容分析的结果表明，很大一部分儿童将认知、行为，尤其是情感特征归因于机器人。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Centuries ago, the existence of life was explained by the presence of a soul (Tylor, 1871). Known as animism, this term was re-defined in the 1970s by Piaget as young children's beliefs that inanimate objects are capable of actions and have life-like qualities. With the development of robots in the 21st century, researchers have begun examining whether animism is apparent in children's impressions of robots. The purpose of this study was to use a model of knowledge structures, or schemata, to examine whether children attribute human qualities of cognition, affect, and behavior to a robot. An experiment was set up at a science center located in a major Western Canadian city, and visitors to the center were invited to participate. A total of 198 children ages 5-16 years (M=8.18 years) with an approximate even number of boys and girls were included. Children completed a semi-structured interview after observing a robot, a small 5 degree of freedom robot arm, perform a block stacking task. Answers to the nine questions about the robot were scored according to whether they referenced humanistic qualities. Results from frequency and content analyses suggest that a significant proportion of children ascribe cognitive, behavioral, and especially affective, characteristics to robots. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.