On the priority of salient meanings: Studies of literal and figurative language
On the priority of salient meanings: Studies of literal and figurative language
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-2166(98)00100-3
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Giora, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giora, R
本文没有假设字面意义优先（例如，参见 Grice，1975；Searle，1979），而是列举了支持显着意义优先的证据（类似观点参见 Recanati，1995）。单词或表达方式的显着含义是其词汇化含义，即可以从心理词典而不是上下文中检索到的含义（例如，小说隐喻的字面含义，而不是上下文提供的其预期的非字面含义，参见 Giora，1997）。影响词汇显着性（程度）的因素包括常规性、频率和熟悉度等。对理解熟悉和新颖的隐喻、习语和反讽实例所涉及的过程的研究表明，显着意义享有特权地位：无论上下文如何，它们总是可以被访问，而且总是最初被访问。这里报告的研究结果与先前的研究结果（例如，Swinney，1979；Gernsbacher，1990；Rayner 等人，1994）相结合，后者反对上下文的选择性访问观点。他们表明，与公认的观点相反（参见 Gibbs，1994，综述），即使是偏向于不太显着含义的丰富且支持性的上下文也不会抑制显着含义的激活。 (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
Instead of postulating the priority of literal meaning (see e.g., Grice, 1975; Searle, 1979), the present paper adduces evidence in support of the priority of salient meanings (for a similar view see Recanati, 1995). The salient meaning of a word or an expression is its lexicalized meaning, i.e., the meaning retrievable from the mental lexicon rather than from the context (e.g., the literal meaning of novel metaphors but not their intended, nonliteral meaning made available by context, see Giora, 1997). Factors contributing to (degrees of) lexical salience are e.g., conventionality, frequency, and familiarity. Research into the processes involved in comprehension of familiar and novel instances of metaphors, idioms, and irony demonstrates that salient meanings enjoy a privileged status: They are always accessed, and always initially, regardless of context. The findings reported here tie up with previous findings (e.g., Swinney, 1979; Gernsbacher, 1990; Rayner et al., 1994) which argue against the selective access view of context. They show that, contrary to the received view (see Gibbs, 1994, for a review), even rich and supportive contexts which are biased in favor of less salient meanings do not inhibit activation of salient meanings. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.