Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Hemolysis Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles
Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Hemolysis Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfr149
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Malinauskas, Richard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Choi, Jonghoon;Reipa, Vytas;Malinauskas, Richard A.
银纳米材料越来越多地用作医疗器械中的抗菌剂。本研究评估了人体血液中未结合银颗粒的体外溶血潜力，以确定哪些物理和化学颗粒特性有助于红细胞（RBC）损伤机制。将四种银颗粒粉末（两种纳米尺寸和两种微米尺寸）分散在水中，并使用透射电子显微镜、动态光散射、表面增强拉曼光谱和zeta电位测量进行表征。颗粒大小和团聚取决于悬浮介质。在与溶血测定类似的条件下，将颗粒加入磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）和血浆中，由于与氯离子和血浆蛋白的相互作用，与单独悬浮在水中的颗粒相比，纳米颗粒的尺寸增加。为了测定溶血反应，将水性颗粒悬浮液与在PBS中稀释的肝素化人血在37 ℃下混合3.5小时。在等效质量浓度> 220 μ g/ml和估计表面积浓度> 10 cm 2/ml时，两种纳米颗粒制剂的溶血性明显高于微米级颗粒。纳米颗粒表面柠檬酸盐的存在或不存在在溶血方面没有显着差异。然而，水性纳米颗粒制剂释放的银离子显著多于微米级颗粒，这与溶血增加相关。尽管银颗粒由于与培养基组分的相互作用而发生了显著的尺寸变化，但与微米级颗粒相比，纳米颗粒观察到的更高水平的体外溶血可能与其更大的表面积、增加的银离子释放以及与RBC的直接相互作用有关。
Silver nanomaterials are increasingly being used as antimicrobial agents in medical devices. This study assessed the in vitro hemolytic potential of unbound silver particles in human blood to determine which physical and chemical particle properties contribute to mechanisms of red blood cell (RBC) damage. Four silver particle powders (two nano-sized and two micron-sized) were dispersed in water and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurement. Particle size and agglomeration were dependent on the suspension media. Under similar conditions to the hemolysis assay, with the particles added to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and plasma, the size of the nanoparticles increased compared with particles suspended in water alone due to interaction with chloride ions and plasma proteins. To determine hemolysis response, aqueous particle suspensions were mixed with heparinized human blood diluted in PBS for 3.5 h at 37 degrees C. Both nanoparticle preparations were significantly more hemolytic than micron-sized particles at equivalent mass concentrations > 220 mu g/ml and at estimated surface area concentrations > 10 cm(2)/ml. The presence or absence of surface citrate on nanoparticles showed no significant difference in hemolysis. However, the aqueous nanoparticle preparations released significantly more silver ions than micron-sized particles, which correlated with increased hemolysis. Although significant size changes occurred to the silver particles due to interaction with media components, the higher level of in vitro hemolysis observed with nanoparticles compared with micron-sized particles may be related to their greater surface area, increased silver ion release, and direct interaction with RBCs.