Better Than its Reputation? The Incidence of Social Transfers And Education Fee Exemptions in Vietnam
Better Than its Reputation? The Incidence of Social Transfers And Education Fee Exemptions in Vietnam
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Trung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Hansen;L. Trung
近年来，随着经济的高速增长，公共资金的再分配一直是研究人员和政策制定者的一个重要课题。自1997年以来，至少有六项关于公共转移支付方案实施情况的分析，都是利用1992/93年和1997/98年住户调查。这些研究的一般结论是，社会转移制度是倒退的，它没有为大多数穷人提供有效的社会保障。随着2002年和2004年住户调查等新数据的提供，可以更新发生率分析。我们寻求以下问题的答案：什么是再分配计划的影响？是针对穷人的吗？这些方案在贫困动态中的作用是什么？在这样做的过程中，我们挑战了许多以前的研究。我们对（1）反事实福利措施的选择，以及（2）家庭调查数据进行分析的适当性表示关注。在分析中，我们研究了两种类型的转移：社会保险和社会保障，以及两种类型的教育费用减免：学费减免和学校缴费减免。与根据1992/1993年和1997/1998年住户调查进行的研究相比，这些结果显示出的社会转移分配情况略有不同。首先，2004年的社会转移不是倒退的。第二，转移支付对2002年和2004年的贫困水平产生了相当大的影响，此外，还提供了保护，防止在这一时期陷入贫困。
Together with high economic growth, redistribution of public funds has been an important topic for both researchers and policy makers over the last few years. Since 1997 there have been at least six analyses on the incidence of public transfer programs all using the 1992/93 and 1997/98 household surveys (VLSSs). The general conclusion in these studies is that the social transfer system is regressive, and that it does not provide effective social protection to the majority of the poor. With the availability of new data, namely, the 2002 and 2004 household surveys (VHLSSs), the incidence analysis can be updated. We seek answers to the following questions: what is the incidence of the redistribution programs? Are they targeted to the poor? What are the roles of these programs in poverty dynamics? In doing so, we challenge many of the previous studies. We raise concerns about (1) the choice of the counterfactual welfare measure, and (2) the appropriateness of the household survey data for doing the analyses. In the analysis, we look at two types of transfers: social insurance and social protection, and two types of education fee exemptions: tuition fee exemptions and school contribution fee exemption. The results give a somewhat different picture of the distribution of social transfers than the studies based on the 1992/93 and 1997/98 household surveys. Fist of all, social transfers are not regressive in 2004. Second, the transfers had a sizeable impact on the level of poverty in both 2002 and 2004 and, furthermore, provided protection against falling into poverty in that period.