The perplexing role of autophagy in plant innate immune responses.
The perplexing role of autophagy in plant innate immune responses.
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DOI：
10.1111/mpp.12118
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Jie Zhou;Jingquan Yu;Zhixiang Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jie Zhou;Jingquan Yu;Zhixiang Chen
自噬是一种主要的细胞内过程，用于降解溶酶体或空泡中的细胞溶质大分子和细胞器，以调节细胞内稳态以及蛋白质和细胞器质量控制。在复杂的后生动物生物体中，自噬通过直接与细胞内病原体或间接与免疫信号分子的界面在免疫应答期间高度参与。过去十年左右的研究也揭示了自噬塑造植物先天免疫反应的许多重要方式。首先，自噬促进由无毒或相关病原体诱导的防御相关的过敏性细胞死亡，但限制不必要的或疾病相关的细胞死亡扩散。这种通过自噬对植物宿主细胞死亡的精细调节在植物对诱导细胞死亡的植物病原体类型的免疫应答期间是至关重要的，所述植物病原体包括无毒活体营养型病原体和坏死营养型病原体。其次，自噬调节由水杨酸和茉莉酸调节的防御反应，从而影响植物对活体营养型和坏死营养型病原体的基础抗性。第三，自噬在病毒诱导的RNA沉默中的新作用，无论是作为靶向降解病毒RNA沉默抑制子的抗病毒合作者，还是作为靶向降解植物细胞RNA沉默机制关键组分的病毒RNA沉默抑制子的帮凶。本文综述了自噬在植物天然免疫中的重要作用，并讨论了自噬在植物天然免疫中的潜在意义。
Autophagy is a major intracellular process for the degradation of cytosolic macromolecules and organelles in the lysosomes or vacuoles for the purposes of regulating cellular homeostasis and protein and organelle quality control. In complex metazoan organisms, autophagy is highly engaged during the immune responses through interfaces either directly with intracellular pathogens or indirectly with immune signalling molecules. Studies over the last decade or so have also revealed a number of important ways in which autophagy shapes plant innate immune responses. First, autophagy promotes defence-associated hypersensitive cell death induced by avirulent or related pathogens, but restricts unnecessary or disease-associated spread of cell death. This elaborate regulation of plant host cell death by autophagy is critical during plant immune responses to the types of plant pathogens that induce cell death, which include avirulent biotrophic pathogens and necrotrophic pathogens. Second, autophagy modulates defence responses regulated by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, thereby influencing plant basal resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Third, there is an emerging role of autophagy in virus-induced RNA silencing, either as an antiviral collaborator for targeted degradation of viral RNA silencing suppressors or an accomplice of viral RNA silencing suppressors for targeted degradation of key components of plant cellular RNA silencing machinery. In this review, we summarize this important progress and discuss the potential significance of the perplexing role of autophagy in plant innate immunity.