The Effects of Incentives, Interview Length, and Interviewer Characteristics on Response Rates in a CATI-Study
The Effects of Incentives, Interview Length, and Interviewer Characteristics on Response Rates in a CATI-Study
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CATI 研究中激励措施、访谈长度和访谈者特征对回复率的影响
DOI：
10.1093/ijpor/edl022
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Kasper M. Hansen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasper M. Hansen
通过一项实验研究，本文分析了激励措施、宣布的面试长度和面试官特征对CTI研究中回复率的影响。整个发达世界的调查答复率都在下降（De Leeuw和De Heer，2002年）。越来越多的民意调查机构和媒体进行的调查（更不用说其他类型的商业电话）打断了公众的晚餐，这增加了拒绝率。越来越多的人越来越依赖手机和未列出的号码，这在一定程度上加剧了这一事态发展，除非使用随机数字拨号，否则这些号码不包括在调查样本中。此外，随着近年来进行的民意调查越来越多，要求禁止在选举前几周进行民意调查的公众辩论也越来越激烈（例如，Schultz-Jorgensen，2005年; Ullerup，2005年）。公众对商业民意调查的批评也可能增加潜在受访者拒绝参加调查的可能性。与其他西方国家一样，丹麦的答复率近几十年来有所下降。丹麦国家社会研究所（SFI）是丹麦最受尊敬的民意调查机构之一，在过去十年中，他们每年进行的30-50次电话和面对面调查的平均答复率下降了10个百分点（与SFI的个人交流，2005年）。近年来，其他商业机构的答复率也在下降（与盖洛普、Vilstrup、Ramboll Management的个人交流，2005年）。在这段以回答率下降为标志的时期里，民意调查行业已经做了各种尝试来扭转或者至少是阻止这种下降。调查研究组织除其他外，增加了回电和预发信函的数量，并采取了不同形式的奖励措施，鼓励参与调查。人们对答复率的下降给予了很大的关注（Steeh，1981; Smith，1995;科廷、Presser和Singer，2005），并对改善答复率的努力产生了影响。研究表明，预寄信件和明信片大大提高了答复率，而且具有成本效益。Hembroff，Rusz，Raffeine，McGee和埃利希（2005年）揭示，提前写信可以提高回复率5.8个百分点，明信片可以提高2.8个百分点
Through an experimental study, this research note analyses the effect of incentives, announced interview length, and interviewer characteristics on response rates in a CATI-study. Survey response rates are declining throughout the developed world (De Leeuw & De Heer, 2002). A public weary of having their dinner interrupted by an increasing number of polling agencies and media-conducted surveys (not to mention other types of commercial calls) has increased refusal rates. This development is partly aggravated by the fact that more and more people increasingly rely on cell phones and unlisted numbers, which are not included in survey samples unless Random Digit Dialing (RDD) is used. Furthermore, together with the increasing number of polls conducted in recent years, there has been an increasingly louder public debate calling for a ban on polls in the weeks prior to elections (e.g. Schultz-Jorgensen, 2005; Ullerup, 2005). This public critique of commercial polling might also have increased the likelihood of potential respondents to refuse to participate in surveys. Response rates in Denmark have declined in recent decades, as has been the case in other western countries. The Danish National Institute of Social Research (SFI), one of the most respected polling agencies in Denmark, has experienced a 10 percentage point decrease in response rates over the last ten years, averaging over the 30–50 telephone and face-to-face surveys they conduct annually (personal communication with SFI, 2005). Other commercial agencies have also experienced declining response rates in recent years (personal communication with Gallup, Vilstrup, Ramboll Management 2005). Throughout the period marked by declining response rates, the polling industry has made various attempts at reversing—or at least halting—this decline. Survey research organizations have, among other things, increased the number of call-backs and advance letters, as well as introduced different forms of incentives to encourage survey participation. Much attention was paid to the declining response rates (Steeh, 1981; Smith, 1995; Curtin, Presser, & Singer, 2005) and the impact of efforts to improve them. Research indicates that advance letters and postcards improve response rates significantly and cost-effectively. Hembroff, Rusz, Rafferty, McGee, and Ehrlich (2005) reveal that advance letters improve response rates by 5.8 percentage points and postcards by 2.8