Sex determination without sex chromosomes
Sex determination without sex chromosomes
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2020.0109
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Weber;B. Capel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Weber;B. Capel
无论有没有性染色体，性别决定都是许多分子事件的综合，这些分子事件驱使细胞群体走向协调的组织命运。在这篇综述中，我们将考虑如何性别决定途径可以从事和稳定没有遗传的遗传决定因素。在许多爬行动物物种中，没有性染色体被鉴定出来，但一个保守的基因表达网络已经启动。最近的研究表明，表观遗传调控通过动态的转录后、翻译后和代谢途径介导温度对这些基因的影响。很可能没有单一的性别决定调节器，而是一系列分子事件的积累，这些事件将尺度转向一种命运而不是另一种命运，直到达到足以维持和稳定一种途径并抑制另一种途径的阈值。对没有性染色体的性别决定机制的研究应该集中在经常被多种刺激激活或可以合成多种输入并驱动协调反应的细胞过程上。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分，“保持性染色体进化的范式：经验和理论的见解，重点是脊椎动物（第一部分）”。
With or without sex chromosomes, sex determination is a synthesis of many molecular events that drives a community of cells towards a coordinated tissue fate. In this review, we will consider how a sex determination pathway can be engaged and stabilized without an inherited genetic determinant. In many reptilian species, no sex chromosomes have been identified, yet a conserved network of gene expression is initiated. Recent studies propose that epigenetic regulation mediates the effects of temperature on these genes through dynamic post-transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic pathways. It is likely that there is no singular regulator of sex determination, but rather an accumulation of molecular events that shift the scales towards one fate over another until a threshold is reached sufficient to maintain and stabilize one pathway and repress the alternative pathway. Investigations into the mechanism underlying sex determination without sex chromosomes should focus on cellular processes that are frequently activated by multiple stimuli or can synthesize multiple inputs and drive a coordinated response. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)’.