Influence of Underpasses and Traffic on White-Tailed Deer Highway Permeability
Influence of Underpasses and Traffic on White-Tailed Deer Highway Permeability
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DOI：
10.1002/wsb.31
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Gagnon, Jeffrey W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodd, Norris L.;Gagnon, Jeffrey W.
公路构成了野生动物通行的障碍或渗透性，使种群和栖息地支离破碎。公路屏障效应的程度因野生动物种类、公路类型和标准、交通量等因素而异。我们评估鹿公路关系沿着一个27公里的高速公路在美国亚利桑那州中部。我们的研究目标是：1）评估白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）公路交叉口模式和渗透性，2）比较鹿渗透性的4车道重建和2车道控制部分，以确定野生动物地下通道的影响，和3）评估和比较鹿通过关系的交通量。我们在2004年至2007年期间为13只鹿安装了全球定位系统（GPS）项圈。11只鹿穿越公路395次。在2个对照区，鹿平均每天穿越0.02次，而在3个重建区，它们平均每天多穿越15次（0.28; t（13）= -2.35; P = 0.035）。对照路段的鹿通过率平均为0.03次/次，约为重建路段的20%（0.16; t（13）= -2.43; P = 0.030）。我们将每小时的交通量与GPS数据联系起来，以研究通过率和鹿在离高速公路不同距离处的迁移比例如何随交通量而变化。鹿与高速公路的距离显示，随着交通量的增加，鹿远离高速公路的距离最小，
Highways constitute barriers to wildlife passage, or permeability, which fragment populations and habitats. The degree of barrier effect caused by roadways varies by wildlife species, highway type and standard, and traffic volume. We assessed deer-highway relationships along a 27-km stretch of highway in central Arizona, USA. Our research objectives were to 1) assess white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) highway crossing patterns and permeability, 2) compare deer permeability on 4-lane reconstructed and 2-lane control sections to determine the influence of wildlife underpasses, and 3) assess and compare deer passage relationships to traffic volume. We fitted 13 deer with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars between 2004 and 2007. Eleven deer crossed the highway 395 times. On 2 control sections, deer crossed an average of 0.02 times/day, while on 3 reconstructed sections they averaged 15 times more crossings/day (0.28; t(13) = -2.35; P = 0.035). The deer passage rate on control sections averaged 0.03 crossings/approach, approximately 20% of that for reconstructed sections (0.16; t(13) = -2.43; P = 0.030). We linked hourly traffic volumes to our GPS data to examine how passage rates and the proportion of deer relocations at different distances from the highway varied with traffic volume. Deer distance from the highway showed minimal shift away from the highway with increased traffic, and at-grade passage rates were low (