Hygienic behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and the modulatory role of octopamine.
Hygienic behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and the modulatory role of octopamine.
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DOI：
10.1002/neu.10219
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发表时间：
2003-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Spivak;R. Masterman;R. Ross;K. Mesce
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Spivak;R. Masterman;R. Ross;K. Mesce
蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）表现出卫生的行为，能迅速发现、打开盖子并将患病的幼虫从巢中取出。这种行为是由15-20天大的蜜蜂在觅食前完成的，可能是由嗅觉线索介导的。由于神经调节剂章鱼胺（OA）在蜜蜂的嗅觉行为中起着关键作用，我们研究了卫生和非卫生行为的蜜蜂在OA表达和生理上是否存在差异。我们比较了卫生和非卫生蜜蜂在触角叶内侧的大脑下脑区域的章鱼胺免疫反应（OA-ir）神经元的染色强度（基于基因型和表型）。我们还测试了基于触角电图（EAGs）的两种嗅觉反应如何受到口服OA和epinastine（一种高度特异性的OA拮抗剂）的影响。我们的研究结果显示，表达卫生行为的蜜蜂（无论基因型如何）拥有的OA-ir神经元比没有表现出这种行为的同龄蜜蜂表现出更强烈的标签。在饲养不卫生行为的蜜蜂中，OA显著增加了对低浓度病巢气味的EAG反应。相反，在养成卫生行为的蜜蜂中，epinastine显著降低了EAG反应的幅度，而在不卫生的蜜蜂中没有观察到这种降低。我们的研究结果提供了两条线索的证据，证明OA有可能促进蜜蜂对患病幼虫的检测和反应。我们讨论了OA对行为塑造的贡献，以及它对神经系统表达一种行为形式的偏见的能力。
Honey bees, Apis mellifera, which perform hygienic behavior, quickly detect, uncap and remove diseased brood from the nest. This behavior, performed by bees 15-20 days old and prior to foraging, is likely mediated by olfactory cues. Because the neuromodulator octopamine (OA) plays a pivotal role in olfactory-based behaviors of honey bees, we examined whether bees bred for hygienic and nonhygienic behavior differed with regard to their OA expression and physiology. We compared the staining intensity of octopamine-immunoreactive (OA-ir) neurons in the deutocerebral region of the brain, medial to the antennal lobes, between hygienic and nonhygienic bees (based on genotype and phenotype). We also tested how the olfactory responses of the two lines, based on electroantennograms (EAGs), were affected by oral administration of OA and of epinastine, a highly specific OA antagonist. Our results revealed that bees expressing hygienic behavior (irrespective of genotype) possessed OA-ir neurons that exhibited more intense labeling than same-aged bees not performing the behavior. In bees bred for nonhygienic behavior, OA significantly increased the EAG response to low concentrations of diseased brood odor. Conversely, in bees bred for hygienic behavior, epinastine significantly reduced the magnitude of the EAG response, a reduction not observed in nonhygienic bees. Our results provide two lines of evidence that OA has the potential to facilitate the detection and response of honey bees to diseased brood. We discuss the contributions of OA for behavioral shaping and its ability to bias the nervous system to express one form of behavior over another.