Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of Pedunculate Oak, Winter Moth and Tits
Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of Pedunculate Oak, Winter Moth and Tits
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00010.x
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Good, JEG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buse, A;Dury, SJ;Good, JEG
1. 温度对橡树冬蛾-山雀食物链的影响在牛津大学 Wytham Wood 进行了研究，并在班格陆地生态研究所的受控环境日光穹顶进行了实验。 2．威瑟姆的树芯表明，成熟的橡树在高温和降雨条件下生长得最好，但毛毛虫数量较少。幼树在高温下生长较差，可能是因为它们失去的水分多于获得的水分，升高的温度会促进发芽，减少叶面氮并增加叶子的韧性。 3，蛾卵产下较晚或保持在比平均温度更低的温度下，需要更少的愈合单位来孵化。毛毛虫在田间温度下需要长达 50 天才能完成生长，但在 15 摄氏度的恒定温度下只需要 20 天即可完成生长。4。第 15 天（第 1 天=卵孵化）时山雀雏鸡的质量与生长期间的温度呈正相关，与降雨量呈负相关5。在高温下，发芽和蛾卵孵化是同步的，但更早。晚期取食的幼虫和以高温生长的树木叶子为食的幼虫产生较小的蛹。毛毛虫与树木在相同条件下饲养时，蛹质量不受影响。6．为了模拟春季气温升高的条件，延迟山雀蛋的孵化，导致雏鸡质量、体型和羽翼成功率下降。出现这种情况的原因是雏鸟喂食较晚，猎物质量较差，错过了毛毛虫生物量的峰值。7．我们预测，蛾类的繁殖能力将在高温下得以保留，因为叶子和毛毛虫都发育得更快。鸟类的产蛋规模可能会减少，因为它们无法足够早地产蛋以适应食物丰富度的较窄峰值。
1. The effects of temperature on the Oak-Winter Moth-Tit food chain were studied at Wytham Wood, Oxford, and experimentally in the controlled environment solardomes at the institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Banger.2. Tree cores from Wytham indicated that mature Oaks grew best at high temperatures and rainfall, but with low caterpillar populations. Young trees grew less well at elevated temperature, probably because they lost more water than they gained, Elevated temperatures advanced budburst, reduced foliar nitrogen and increased leaf toughness.3, Moth eggs laid later or maintained at cooler temperatures than average required fewer heal units to hatch. Caterpillars rook up to 50 days to complete growth at field temperatures but did so in only 20 days at a constant 15 degrees C.4. The mass of Tit chicks at day 15 (day 1 = egg hatch) was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall during the growing period,5. At elevated temperature, budburst and moth egg hatch were synchronized, but earlier. Late feeding larvae and larvae fed on leaves from trees grown at elevated temperature produced smaller pupae. Pupal mass was unaffected when caterpillars and trees were maintained together under the same conditions.6. Delaying egg hatch in Tits, to simulate conditions at elevated spring temperatures, resulted in reduced chick mass, body size and fledging success. This occurred because die chicks were fed later and prey quality was poorer, because the peak of caterpillar biomass was missed.7. We predict that moth reproductive output will be retained at elevated temperatures because both leaves and caterpillars develop faster. Brood size in birds may be reduced because they cannot lay early enough to coincide with the narrower peak of food abundance.