Spanking and subsequent behavioral problems in toddlers: A propensity score-matched, prospective study in Japan
Spanking and subsequent behavioral problems in toddlers: A propensity score-matched, prospective study in Japan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.002
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Kawachi, Ichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okuzono, Sakurako;Fujiwara, Takeo;Kawachi, Ichiro
在西方社会，幼儿期严厉或频繁的打屁股是儿童后期行为问题和成年期精神障碍的既定风险因素。然而，在体罚相对被接受的亚洲人口中进行的研究很少。此外，偶尔打屁股对随后的行为问题的影响仍然不确定。本研究利用日本全国出生队列数据，前瞻性地调查幼儿被打屁股的频率与日后行为问题之间的关系。我们使用了来自世纪新生儿纵向调查的数据，这是一个由日本厚生劳动省收集的基于人口的出生队列数据集（N = 29，182）。在孩子3.5岁和5.5岁时，通过照顾者问卷评估打屁股的频率（“从不”，“有时”和“总是”）和儿童行为问题。倾向分数匹配被用来检查打屁股的频率和儿童行为问题之间的关联，调整父母的社会经济地位，儿童气质和父母的行为。与从未被打过屁股的孩子相比，偶尔打屁股（“有时”）显示出更多的行为问题（在6点量表上）（系数：0.11，95% CI：0.07-0.15），而经常打屁股（“总是”）显示出更多的行为问题（系数：0.08，95% CI：0.01-0.16）。任何自我报告频率的打屁股都与儿童日后行为问题的风险增加有关。
Harsh or frequent spanking in early childhood is an established risk factor for later childhood behavioral problems as well as mental disorder in adulthood in Western societies. However, few studies have been conducted in Asian populations, where corporal punishment is relatively accepted. Moreover, the impacts of occasional spanking on subsequent behavioral problems remain uncertain. This study sought to investigate prospectively the association between the frequency of spanking of toddlers and later behavioral problems in Japanese children using national birth cohort data. We used data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century, a population-based birth cohort data set collected by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (N = 29,182). Frequency of spanking ("never", "sometimes" and "always") and child behavioral problems were assessed via a caregiver questionnaire when the child was 3.5 years old and again at 5.5 years. Propensity score matching was used to examine the association between frequency of spanking and child behavioral problems, adjusting for parental socioeconomic status, child temperament and parenting behaviors. Compared to children who were never spanked, occasional spanking ("sometimes") showed a higher number of behavioral problems (on a 6-point scale) (coefficient: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.15), and frequent spanking ("always") showed an even larger number of behavioral problems compared with "sometimes" (coefficient: 0.08, 95% CI:0.01-0.16). Spanking of any self-reported frequency was associated with an increased risk for later behavioral problems in children.