Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load
Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load
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表后优化双向电动汽车对配电网负荷的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2022.124537
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
J. Reinhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mathias Müller;Yannic Schulze;J. Reinhard
电动汽车（EV）的双向充电可以促进能源转型。越来越多的电动汽车允许不同的选择，将它们整合到电网中。为此，采用优化算法对低压电网的能量系统模型进行了扩展。超过1000个真实的低压电网与光伏电站（PV）、电加热和移动性的未来场景相结合，以评估电网负荷。由于这些新的负荷，到2040年，42%的电网需要扩建。建筑物层面的优化不是强制性的电网支持，因此光伏自耗优化和商业机组的调峰都不能显著减少受影响电网的数量。在这两种情况下，双向充电能力对电网只有轻微的好处。在不考虑当地电网情况的情况下，将可变市场价格应用于灵活性选项，导致10 kW/EV的非常高的同时充电功率，即使对于许多电动汽车也是如此。相比之下，在没有可变价格的情况下，成本从30辆电动汽车降低到3千瓦/电动汽车。更高的灵活性也导致更高的电网负荷，因此，需要扩展措施的电网百分比上升到71%，主要是由于过高的Transformer利用率和违反电压条件。
The bidirectional charging of electric vehicles (EVs) can foster the energy transition. The growing number of EVs permit different options for integrating them into electricity grids. Therefore, an energy system model to simulate of low voltage grids is expanded with an optimisation algorithm. More than 1000 real low voltage grids were combined with future scenarios regarding photovoltaic plants (PV), electric heating and mobility to evaluate the grid load. Due to these new loads, 42% of the grids need to be expanded by 2040. Optimisation at a building level is not compulsorily grid-supportive so that neither PV self-consumption optimisation nor peak shaving at commercial units can significantly decrease the number of affected grids. In both cases, bidirectional charging capability is only slightly beneficial for the grid. Applying variable market prices to the flexibility options without considering the local grid situation leads to very high simultaneous charging powers of 10 kW/EV, even for many EVs. In contrast, simultaneity decreases to 3 kW/EV from 30 EVs without variable prices. The higher simultaneities also lead to higher grid loads, and therefore, the percentage of grids needing expansion measure rises to 71%, primarily due to too high transformer utilisation and violations of the voltage conditions.