All Rodents Are Not the Same: A Modern Synthesis of Cortical Organization
All Rodents Are Not the Same: A Modern Synthesis of Cortical Organization
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DOI：
10.1159/000327320
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Cooke, Dylan F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krubitzer, Leah;Campi, Katharine L.;Cooke, Dylan F.
啮齿动物是哺乳动物的一个主要目的，在分布和生活方式上高度多样化。该目的5个亚目、34个科和2，277个种占据了许多不同的生态位，并沿着沿着几个生活方式维度变化，如昼夜模式（昼夜与夜间）、地形生态位和饮食。例如，啮齿动物的地形生态位包括树栖、空中、陆地、半水生、穴居和岩石栖息。毫不奇怪，与特定生活方式相关的行为也是高度可变的，因此产生这些行为的新皮层在不同物种之间也经历了相应的变化。研究皮层组织的物种，不同沿着几个方面，如地形生态位，昼夜模式，饲养条件表明，皮层领域的大小和数量可以高度可变的顺序。皮层场的内部组织也反映了物种之间的生活方式差异，并夸大了行为相关的效应器，如触须，牙齿或嘴唇。最后，在细胞水平上，不同物种的相同皮层区域的神经元数量和密度不同，甚至在不同条件下饲养的相同物种（实验室与野生捕获）也不同。啮齿类动物种属之间和种属内的这些非常大的差异表明不存在通用啮齿类动物模型。相反，有啮齿动物模型适合于关于新皮层的发育，功能和进化的特定问题。版权所有（C）2011 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Rodents are a major order of mammals that is highly diverse in distribution and lifestyle. Five suborders, 34 families, and 2,277 species within this order occupy a number of different niches and vary along several lifestyle dimensions such as diel pattern (diurnal vs. nocturnal), terrain niche, and diet. For example, the terrain niche of rodents includes arboreal, aerial, terrestrial, semi-aquatic, burrowing, and rock dwelling. Not surprisingly, the behaviors associated with particular lifestyles are also highly variable and thus the neocortex, which generates these behaviors, has undergone corresponding alterations across species. Studies of cortical organization in species that vary along several dimensions such as terrain niche, diel pattern, and rearing conditions demonstrate that the size and number of cortical fields can be highly variable within this order. The internal organization of a cortical field also reflects lifestyle differences between species and exaggerates behaviorally relevant effectors such as vibrissae, teeth, or lips. Finally, at a cellular level, neuronal number and density varies for the same cortical field in different species and is even different for the same species reared in different conditions (laboratory vs. wild-caught). These very large differences across and within rodent species indicate that there is no generic rodent model. Rather, there are rodent models suited for specific questions regarding the development, function, and evolution of the neocortex. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel