A summary measure of health disparity
A summary measure of health disparity
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DOI：
10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50161-9
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Keppel, KG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pearcy, JN;Keppel, KG
目标.消除健康差距是“2010年健康人民”的一个目标。为了跟踪实现这一目标的进展，我们需要改进衡量差距的方法。作者提出了差异指数（ID）作为一个概括性的衡量标准。ID是一种改良的变异系数，用于测量基于种族/民族、收入、教育和性别定义的人群之间的差异。还评估了各种健康指标的差异，并随着时间的推移监测趋势。从1989年到1998年，心血管疾病死亡的性别差异有所下降，但种族/民族差异基本不变。在宫颈癌和胆固醇筛查、吸烟、运动和健康保险方面的差异幅度从1.9%到78.6%不等。健康指标的最大差异与任何特定的人口分类无关，无论是根据种族/民族，教育或收入来定义。为了消除差距，我们需要一种手段来评估多种健康指标之间的差距。此外，对于一个给定的健康指标，根据种族/民族、教育、收入等定义的人口的差异可能不同，ID是一种简单的方法，用于总结人口中各群体之间的差异，可以应用于健康指标，无论其大小，随着时间的推移，以监测趋势，并在不同的人口中。
Objectives. Eliminating health disparities is a goal of Healthy People 2010. In order to track progress toward this goal, we need improved methods for measuring disparity. The authors present the Index of Disparity (ID) as a summary measure of disparity.Methods. The ID, a modified coefficient of variation, was used to measure disparity across populations defined on the basis of race/ethnicity, income, education, and gender. Disparity was also assessed for a diverse range of health indicators and over time to monitor trends.Results. Disparity in cardiovascular disease deaths decreased based on gender from 1989 to 1998 but was largely unchanged based on race/ethnicity. The magnitude of disparities in cervical cancer and cholesterol screening, smoking, exercise, and health insurance ranged from 1.9% to 78.6%. The largest disparities for health indicators were not associated with any particular population classification, whether defined on the basis of race/ethnicity, education, or income.Conclusions. To eliminate disparities, we need a means to assess disparities across many types of health indicators. Furthermore, for a given health indicator, disparities may differ for populations defined on the basis of race/ethnicity, education, income, and so on. The ID is a simple method for summarizing disparities across groups within a population that can be applied across health indicators regardless of magnitude, over time to monitor trends, and across different populations.