Evolution of human emotion: a view through fear.
Evolution of human emotion: a view through fear.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-53860-4.00021-0
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
LeDoux, Joseph E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LeDoux, Joseph E.
探测和应对重大事件的基本倾向存在于最简单的单细胞生物中，并在所有无脊椎动物和脊椎动物中持续存在。在脊椎动物中，大脑的整体结构高度保守，尽管在大小和复杂程度上也存在差异。哺乳动物和其他脊椎动物之间，前脑的差异最大。认为哺乳动物的进化导致了根本性的变化，从而增加了新的前脑结构（边缘系统和新皮质）的经典观点并没有得到支持，所谓边缘区域主要参与情感的观点也没有得到支持。现代的研究重点放在特定的情感系统上，比如恐惧或防御系统，而不是寻找通用的情感系统。这些研究发现，恐惧回路在包括人类在内的哺乳动物中是保守的。在确定大脑如何探测和应对危险方面，动物研究尤其成功。在试图讨论动物情感的其他方面，即主观感受时，应该谨慎，因为除了人类之外，没有科学的方法来验证和测量这些状态。
Basic tendencies to detect and respond to significant events are present in the simplest single cell organisms, and persist throughout all invertebrates and vertebrates. Within vertebrates, the overall brain plan is highly conserved, though differences in size and complexity also exist. The forebrain differs the most between mammals and other vertebrates. The classic notion that the evolution of mammals led to radical changes such that new forebrain structures (limbic system and neocortex) were added has not held up, nor has the idea that so-called limbic areas are primarily involved in emotion. Modern efforts have focused on specific emotion systems, like the fear or defense system, rather than on the search for a general purpose emotion systems. Such studies have found that fear circuits are conserved in mammals, including humans. Animal work has been especially successful in determining how the brain detects and responds to danger. Caution should be exercised when attempting to discuss other aspects of emotion, namely subjective feelings, in animals since there are no scientific ways of verifying and measuring such states except in humans.