How Truly Conserved Is the “Well-Conserved” Vertebrate Stress Response?
How Truly Conserved Is the “Well-Conserved” Vertebrate Stress Response?
复制标题
“保存完好”的脊椎动物应激反应到底有多保存？
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz011
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gormally, B M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romero, L M;Gormally, B M
脊椎动物的应激反应被认为是一套高度保守的反应，是为了帮助动物在有害的环境刺激中生存而进化出来的。应激反应的两个主要途径包括儿茶酚胺的释放，儿茶酚胺是自主神经系统的一部分，包括直接的战斗或逃跑反应，以及从下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴缓慢释放的皮质类固醇，帮助协调长期反应。这两种途径存在于每一种脊椎动物中，并且这些途径背后的解剖和生理结构是一致的。然而，尽管存在这些结构上的相似性，但最近的数据表明，这些通路的实际调节存在实质性的时间和物种差异。例如，两种途径的激活在某些物种中随季节而变化，而在其他物种中则没有，而且两种途径的反应可以被个体以前的经验广泛调节。因此，尽管应力反应的解剖结构是高度保守的，但激活和功能输出却不是高度保守的。考虑到这种差异，将个体压力反应与健康结果的差异联系起来可能并不奇怪。这篇综述总结了在我们观察到的功能变化的情况下，对应激反应的适应性后果做出广泛的广义假设的挑战。
The vertebrate stress response is considered to be a highly conserved suite of responses that are evolved to help animals survive noxious environmental stimuli. The two major pathways of the stress response include the catecholamine release that is part of the autonomic nervous system and comprises the immediate fight-or-flight response, and the slower release of corticosteroids from the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis that help orchestrate longer-term responses. These two pathways are present in every vertebrate yet examined, and the anatomical and physiological architecture underlying these pathways are consistent. Despite these structural similarities, however, recent data indicate substantial temporal and species variation in the actual regulation of these pathways. For example, activation of both pathways varies seasonally in some species but not others, and responses of both pathways can be extensively modulated by an individual’s previous experience. Consequently, even though the anatomy of the stress response is highly conserved, the activation and functional output is not highly conserved. Given this variation, it is perhaps not surprising that it is proving difficult to correlate individual stress responses with differences in fitness outcomes. This review summarizes the challenge of making broad generalized assumptions about fitness consequences of the stress response given the functional variation we observe.