Extent of smoking and nicotine dependence in the United States: 1991-1993.
Extent of smoking and nicotine dependence in the United States: 1991-1993.
复制标题
美国吸烟和尼古丁依赖程度：1991-1993 年。
DOI：
10.1080/14622200050147538
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chen,K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kandel,DB;Chen,K
尼古丁依赖率在人口中不同的社会人口群体中有所不同。这些群体差异还有待理解。本研究的目的是明确香烟消费和尼古丁依赖之间的关系，以及是否可以通过吸烟量或对尼古丁的敏感性差异来解释组间差异。使用的数据来自全国家庭药物滥用调查（1991-1993年），美国12岁及以上人口的多阶段区域概率样本，以及匿名结构化家庭访谈，考虑上个月吸烟的受试者（12，550名白色，4903名黑人，4839名西班牙裔）。主要结果测量是基于依赖症状和接近DSM-IV依赖标准的药物相关问题的去年尼古丁依赖。女性的发病率高于男性，白人高于少数民族，老年人的发病率最低。每天吸半包烟，依赖率急剧上升。在较高的剂量下，增加的依赖性风险是最小的。女性的依赖率高于男性，这是因为在吸烟量相同的情况下，女性的症状数量更多。青少年和中年人吸烟率的相似性是由于青少年吸烟明显少于成年人，但在相同的使用水平下，依赖率较高。虽然50岁及以上的成年人是最严重的吸烟者，但他们的依赖率最低，因为假设对尼古丁摄入量增加的敏感性较低。白人的吸烟率高于黑人，这似乎是由于吸烟量大和对尼古丁的作用更敏感。得出的结论是，青少年、妇女和白人特别容易对尼古丁产生依赖。组特异性阈值可能比绝对阈值更适合用于定义尼古丁依赖风险。
Rates of nicotine dependence vary in different sociodemographic groups in the population. These group differences remain to be understood. The objective of this study is to specify the relationship between cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence and whether group differences are explained by quantity smoked or differential sensitivity to nicotine. The data used derived from National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse (1991–1993), multistage area probability samples of the US population 12 years old and over, and anonymous structured household interviews, considering subjects who were last-month smokers (12,550 White, 4903 Black, 4839 Hispanic). The main outcome measure was last-year nicotine dependence based on symptoms of dependence and drug-related problems approximating DSM-IV dependence criteria. Rates are higher among females than males, Whites than minorities and the lowest among older adults. Dependence rates increase sharply up to half a pack of cigarettes smoked per day. At higher quantities, the increased risk for dependence is minimal. The higher rate of dependence among females than males results from a greater number of symptoms at the same quantity smoked. The similarity of adolescent and middle-adult rates results from the fact that adolescents smoke significantly fewer cigarettes than adults, but experience higher rates of dependence at the same levels of use. Although adults 50 and over are the heaviest smokers, they experience the lowest rates of dependence because of hypothesized lower sensitivity to increased quantity of nicotine intake. The higher rates among Whites than Blacks appear to result from heavier smoking and greater sensitivity to nicotine effects. It was concluded that adolescents, women and Whites are particularly vulnerable to becoming dependent on nicotine. Group-specific thresholds may be more appropriate criteria than an absolute threshold to define the risk for nicotine dependence.