Linking the sender to the receiver: vocal adjustments by bats to maintain signal detection in noise.
Linking the sender to the receiver: vocal adjustments by bats to maintain signal detection in noise.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep18556
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发表时间：
2015-12-22
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Wiegrebe L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luo J;Goerlitz HR;Brumm H;Wiegrebe L
信号特征的短期调整使动物能够在噪声中保持可靠的通信。噪声依赖性声音可塑性通常涉及多个参数的同时变化。在这里，我们首次量化了信号幅度、持续时间和冗余对于提高噪声中信号可检测性的相对贡献。为此，我们结合了对苍白矛鼻蝙蝠（Phyllostomus discolor）的行为实验和信号检测模型。为了应对不断增加的噪音水平，所有蝙蝠都将回声定位呼叫的幅度提高了 1.8-7.9dB（伦巴第效应）。蝙蝠的信号持续时间也增加了 13%–85%，相当于可检测性增加了 1.0–5.3dB。最后，在某些噪音条件下，蝙蝠通过产生更多的叫声组来增加信号冗余。假设认知整合达到最佳状态，这可能会导致可检测性进一步提高高达 4 dB。我们的数据表明，虽然信号可检测性的主要改进是由于伦巴第效应，但增加信号持续时间和冗余也可以显着提高信号可检测性。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，观察到的噪声中信号参数的调整与接收器感觉系统中这些参数的处理方式相匹配，从而促进波动环境中的信号传输。
Short-term adjustments of signal characteristics allow animals to maintain reliable communication in noise. Noise-dependent vocal plasticity often involves simultaneous changes in multiple parameters. Here, we quantified for the first time the relative contributions of signal amplitude, duration, and redundancy for improving signal detectability in noise. To this end, we used a combination of behavioural experiments on pale spear-nosed bats (Phyllostomus discolor) and signal detection models. In response to increasing noise levels, all bats raised the amplitude of their echolocation calls by 1.8–7.9 dB (the Lombard effect). Bats also increased signal duration by 13%–85%, corresponding to an increase in detectability of 1.0–5.3 dB. Finally, in some noise conditions, bats increased signal redundancy by producing more call groups. Assuming optimal cognitive integration, this could result in a further detectability improvement by up to 4 dB. Our data show that while the main improvement in signal detectability was due to the Lombard effect, increasing signal duration and redundancy can also contribute markedly to improving signal detectability. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the observed adjustments of signal parameters in noise are matched to how these parameters are processed in the receiver’s sensory system, thereby facilitating signal transmission in fluctuating environments.