Pathological features of cerebral cortical capillaries are doubled in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
Pathological features of cerebral cortical capillaries are doubled in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
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DOI：
10.1007/s004010000195
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Luiten, PGM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farkas, E;De Jong, GI;Luiten, PGM
脑毛细血管代表了全身循环和中枢神经系统之间的主要界面，负责向大脑充分和选择性的营养转运。这种活性屏障的结构损伤或功能障碍的载体系统导致营养物运输受损。随后，神经组织中营养物质可用性的降低可能导致神经元代谢受阻，从而导致行为和认知功能缺陷。本文着重观察阿尔茨海默病（AD; n = 5）和帕金森病（PD; n = 10）脑微血管超微结构的异常。通过电子显微镜研究了扣带回皮质样品中的毛细血管显微解剖，观察到血管壁严重受损。AD和PD的特征性病理改变包括毛细血管基底膜增厚和胶原在基底膜中的积聚。AD和PD患者毛细血管基底膜沉积的发生率是年龄匹配对照组的2倍。所有组中的变性周细胞以相似的频率出现。这些数据表明，基底膜沉积，而不是周细胞变性，代表了AD和PD的重要病理特征，并表明毛细血管功能障碍可能在这两种主要神经退行性疾病的发展中发挥因果作用。
Cerebral capillaries represent a major interface between the general circulation and the central nervous system and are responsible for sufficient and selective nutrient transport to the brain. Structural damage or dysfunctioning carrier systems of such an active barrier leads to compromised nutrient trafficking. Subsequently, a decreased nutrient availability in the neural tissue may contribute to hampered neuronal metabolism, hence to behavioral and cognitive functional deficiencies. Here we focus on the ultrastrucutral abnormalities of cerebral microvessels in Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 5) and Parkinson's diseasse (PD; n = 10). The capillary microanatomy in samples from the cingulate cortex was investigated by electron microscopy and severe damage to the vessel walls was observed. Characteristic pathological changes including capillary basement membrane thickening and collagen accumulation in the basement membrane were enhanced in both AD and PD. The incidence of capillaries with basement membrane deposits was two times higher in AD and PD than in age-matched controls. Degenerative pericytes in all groups appeared at a similar frequency. The data indicate that basement membrane deposists, as opposed to pericytic degeneration, represent an important pathological feature of AD and PD and suggest that capillary dysfunction may play a causal role in the development of these two major neurodegenerative diseases.