Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.
Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.
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DOI：
10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00077-7
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zhou F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brueggemann AB;Jansen van Rensburg MJ;Shaw D;McCarthy ND;Jolley KA;Maiden MCJ;van der Linden MPG;Amin-Chowdhury Z;Bennett DE;Borrow R;Brandileone MC;Broughton K;Campbell R;Cao B;Casanova C;Choi EH;Chu YW;Clark SA;Claus H;Coelho J;Corcoran M;Cottrell S;Cunney RJ;Dalby T;Davies H;de Gouveia L;Deghmane AE;Demczuk W;Desmet S;Drew RJ;du Plessis M;Erlendsdottir H;Fry NK;Fuursted K;Gray SJ;Henriques-Normark B;Hale T;Hilty M;Hoffmann S;Humphreys H;Ip M;Jacobsson S;Johnston J;Kozakova J;Kristinsson KG;Krizova P;Kuch A;Ladhani SN;Lâm TT;Lebedova V;Lindholm L;Litt DJ;Martin I;Martiny D;Mattheus W;McElligott M;Meehan M;Meiring S;Mölling P;Morfeldt E;Morgan J;Mulhall RM;Muñoz-Almagro C;Murdoch DR;Murphy J;Musilek M;Mzabi A;Perez-Argüello A;Perrin M;Perry M;Redin A;Roberts R;Roberts M;Rokney A;Ron M;Scott KJ;Sheppard CL;Siira L;Skoczyńska A;Sloan M;Slotved HC;Smith AJ;Song JY;Taha MK;Toropainen M;Tsang D;Vainio A;van Sorge NM;Varon E;Vlach J;Vogel U;Vohrnova S;von Gottberg A;Zanella RC;Zhou F
肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌通常通过呼吸道飞沫传播，是包括菌血症性肺炎和脑膜炎在内的侵袭性疾病以及病毒后呼吸道疾病后继发感染的主要原因。本研究的目的是调查在COVID-19大流行的最初几个月内，这些病原体导致的侵袭性疾病的发病率。在这项对监测数据的前瞻性分析中，六大洲26个国家和地区的实验室提交了2018年1月1日至2020年5月31日期间肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌所致侵袭性疾病病例的数据，作为侵袭性呼吸道感染监测（IRIS）倡议的一部分。2020年的每周病例数与2018年和2019年的相应数据进行了比较。无乳链球菌（一种非呼吸道病原体）引起的侵袭性疾病的数据收集自9个实验室进行比较。COVID-19遏制措施的严格程度使用牛津COVID-19政府应对追踪系统进行量化。使用Google COVID-19社区流动报告评估了人口流动的变化。中断的时间序列模型量化了2020年肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌所致侵袭性疾病发病率相对于实施遏制措施时的变化。来自26个国家和地区的27个实验室向IRIS倡议提交了肺炎链球菌数据（共62837例），来自24个国家的24个实验室提交了流感嗜血杆菌数据（共7796例），来自21个国家的21个实验室提交了脑膜炎奈瑟菌数据（共5877例）。 2020年初（2020年1月1日至5月31日），所有国家和地区均经历了肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌所致侵袭性疾病的显著和持续减少，与各国采取的COVID-19防控措施相吻合。相比之下，没有观察到侵袭性无乳链球菌感染的发生率的显著变化。尽管COVID-19控制政策的严格程度不同，但大多数国家和地区均观察到类似趋势。报告的肺炎链球菌感染的发生率在第4周下降了68%（发生率比0.32 [95%CI 0.27 - 0.37]），在第8周下降了82%（0.18 [0.14 - 0.23]）。COVID-19遏制政策和公共宣传活动的引入可能减少了肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌的传播，导致全球许多国家威胁生命的侵袭性疾病大幅减少。惠康信托基金会（英国）、罗伯特·科赫研究所（德国）、联邦卫生部（德国）、辉瑞公司、默克公司、健康保护监测中心（爱尔兰）、蜘蛛网项目（爱尔兰）、欧洲疾病预防和控制中心（欧洲联盟），地平线2020（欧洲联盟委员会）、卫生部（波兰）、国家抗生素保护方案（波兰），科学和高等教育部（波兰）、卡塔卢尼亚公共卫生委员会（西班牙）、Sant Joan de Deu基金会（西班牙）、Knut和Alice Wallenberg基金会（瑞典）、瑞典研究理事会（瑞典）、斯德哥尔摩地区（瑞典）、瑞士联邦公共卫生办公室（瑞士）和法国公共卫生署（法国）。
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, which are typically transmitted via respiratory droplets, are leading causes of invasive diseases, including bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis, and of secondary infections subsequent to post-viral respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective analysis of surveillance data, laboratories in 26 countries and territories across six continents submitted data on cases of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis from Jan 1, 2018, to May, 31, 2020, as part of the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Initiative. Numbers of weekly cases in 2020 were compared with corresponding data for 2018 and 2019. Data for invasive disease due to Streptococcus agalactiae, a non-respiratory pathogen, were collected from nine laboratories for comparison. The stringency of COVID-19 containment measures was quantified using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Changes in population movements were assessed using Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. Interrupted time-series modelling quantified changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in 2020 relative to when containment measures were imposed. 27 laboratories from 26 countries and territories submitted data to the IRIS Initiative for S pneumoniae (62 837 total cases), 24 laboratories from 24 countries submitted data for H influenzae (7796 total cases), and 21 laboratories from 21 countries submitted data for N meningitidis (5877 total cases). All countries and territories had experienced a significant and sustained reduction in invasive diseases due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in early 2020 (Jan 1 to May 31, 2020), coinciding with the introduction of COVID-19 containment measures in each country. By contrast, no significant changes in the incidence of invasive S agalactiae infections were observed. Similar trends were observed across most countries and territories despite differing stringency in COVID-19 control policies. The incidence of reported S pneumoniae infections decreased by 68% at 4 weeks (incidence rate ratio 0·32 [95% CI 0·27–0·37]) and 82% at 8 weeks (0·18 [0·14–0·23]) following the week in which significant changes in population movements were recorded. The introduction of COVID-19 containment policies and public information campaigns likely reduced transmission of S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis, leading to a significant reduction in life-threatening invasive diseases in many countries worldwide. Wellcome Trust (UK), Robert Koch Institute (Germany), Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), Pfizer, Merck, Health Protection Surveillance Centre (Ireland), SpID-Net project (Ireland), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (European Union), Horizon 2020 (European Commission), Ministry of Health (Poland), National Programme of Antibiotic Protection (Poland), Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Agencia de Salut Pública de Catalunya (Spain), Sant Joan de Deu Foundation (Spain), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden), Swedish Research Council (Sweden), Region Stockholm (Sweden), Federal Office of Public Health of Switzerland (Switzerland), and French Public Health Agency (France).