Observations on the Living Eggs of the Rabbit
Observations on the Living Eggs of the Rabbit
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对兔子活卵的观察
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1930.0058
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发表时间：
1930
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Pincus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Pincus
在对兔卵体外受精的某些观察过程中，很快就发现，与正常预期相反，未受精的卵将经历不同程度的发育，其中大部分发育在形态上与体内受精卵的发育无法区分。因此，决定对输卵管卵子的历史及其体外行为进行全面研究。利用兔子在交配后约10小时有规律地排卵的事实（e. G.，Heape，1905;哈蒙德和马歇尔，1925;沃尔顿和哈蒙德，1928）以获得已知年龄的卵子。通过将未妊娠家兔与输精管切除的巴克斯交配获得未受精卵，并通过用无菌等渗Pannett-Compton溶液冲洗从卵巢中释放的卵，从试管中回收卵（Pannett和Compton，1924）。通过这种方法，在交配后11至72小时从试管中获得卵子。在交配后72至96小时之间，未受精的卵子进入子宫，并进行类似的子宫冲洗以回收这些卵子。使用的每只母鹿与两到三只输精管切除的巴克斯交配。这些动物已经成功地接受了手术，并且不能射出精子，这已经通过以下事实得到了证明：交配后立即从母鹿外阴采集的涂片中未发现精子，并且从这些交配中获得的卵子从未显示出正常受精卵的特征性特征（将在下文中描述）。此外，有些在体内没有显示出发展的迹象。体内受精和用于对照实验的卵以类似方式获得，但来自与正常生育巴克斯交配。为了获得子宫和输卵管，将母鹿处死，并在达到无菌条件的常规预防措施下取出这些器官。在少数使用卵巢卵子的实验中，卵子是通过用无菌针头刺破成熟卵泡并将出现的卵子漂浮到无菌Pannett-Compton溶液中获得的。
In the course of certain observations on the fertilisation of rabbit ova in vitro it soon became evident that, contrary to normal expectation, unfertilised ova will undergo varying degrees of development, much of the development being indistinguishable morphologically from the development of fertilised ova in vivo . It was decided, therefore, to undertake a comprehensive study of the history of tubal ova and of their behaviour in vitro . Advantage was taken of the fact that the rabbit ovulates regularly at about 10 hours after copulation ( e. g. , Heape, 1905; Hammond and Marshall, 1925; Walton and Hammond, 1928) to obtain ova of known age. Unfertilised ova were obtained by mating non-pregnant rabbit does to vasectomised bucks, and the eggs liberated from the ovary were recovered from the tubes by washing them out with sterile isotonic Pannett-Compton solution (Pannett and Compton, 1924). By this method eggs were obtained from the tubes from 11 to 72 hours after copulation. Between 72 and 96 hours after copulation the unfertilised ova enter the uterus and similar uterine washings were made to recover such eggs. Each doe used was mated to two or three vasectomised bucks. That these animals had been successfully operated upon and were incapable of ejaculating spermatozoa was already shown by the fact that no spermatozoa were found in smears taken from the vulva of the doe immediately after copulation and eggs obtained from these matings never showed the characteristic features, to be described later, of normally fertilised eggs. Some, moreover, showed no evidence of development in vivo . Ova fertilised in vivo and used for control experiments were similarly obtained, but from matings made to normal fertile bucks. To obtain the uterus and tubes the doe was killed and these organs removed with the ordinary precautions for attaining sterile conditions. In the few experiments in which ovarian ova were employed the eggs were obtained by pricking ripe follicles with a sterile needle and floating the emerging eggs into sterile Pannett-Compton solution.