Earth, sky, wind, and weather
Earth, sky, wind, and weather
复制标题
地球、天空、风和天气
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00401.x
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
T. Ingold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Ingold
本文试图理解什么是生活在开放。它首先叙述了一些实验，这些实验测试孩子们是否对地球的形状有了科学上正确的理解，根据地球的形状，人们生活在一个固体球体的外面。这种理解不能容纳天空的现象，与此相关，地球只能作为人类居住的地面出现。詹姆斯吉布森的生态方法的看法提供了一个可能的替代品，描绘地球和天空作为互补的半球。然而，对吉布森来说，只有在这个地-天被提供了物体的情况下，它才能被居住。在这种情况下，它不再是开放的。借鉴梅洛-庞蒂现象学的元素，人们认为，在开放世界中，人和事物的关系不是封闭的形式，而是由于他们共同沉浸在媒介的生成通量中--在风和天气中。生命的基础是呼吸过程，通过呼吸，生物体不断破坏地球和天空之间的任何边界，将物质和介质结合在一起，形成自己的生长和运动。因此，居住在开放的地方并不是被困在地球的外表面，而是被卷入天气世界的变化中。我们都知道在刮风的日子里在户外是什么感觉。然而，一旦我们试图把它固定在既定的思维范畴和惯例中，没有任何经验可以更难以捉摸。什么是露天？它是在天空中还是在大气中循环？这些是相同的还是不同的？如果大气层包围着我们的星球，天空在我们的头上拱起，那么地球相对于天空会以什么形状或形式存在呢？如果我们在地球和天空的开放世界里，我们怎么能同时在风中呢？换句话说，我们如何才能生活在开放的环境中？如果我们只能通过遏制它来做到这一点，那么风还能吹吗？在下文中，我试图建立什么是“开放”。我们不应该把有人居住的世界看作是由相互排斥的两半球的天空和地球组成的，它们被地面隔开，我们需要关注风和天气的变化，我将在下面说明。感受风并不是与我们周围的环境进行外部的、触觉的接触，而是与它们融为一体。在这种混合中，当我们生活和呼吸时，风，光，天空中的水分与地球上的物质结合在一起，在组成陆地的生命线的缠结中不断锻造出一条道路。
This paper seeks to understand what it means to live 'in the open'. It begins with an account of experiments that test whether children have acquired a scientifically correct understanding of the shape of the earth, according to which people live all around on the outside of a solid sphere. This understanding cannot accommodate the phenomenon of the sky, in relation to which the earth can appear only as the ground of human habitation. James Gibson's ecological approach to perception offers a possible alternative, depicting earth and sky as complementary hemispheres. Yet for Gibson, this earth-sky can be inhabited only insofar as it is furnished with objects. To that extent, it ceases to be open. Drawing on elements of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, it is argued that in the open world persons and things relate not as closed forms but by virtue of their common immersion in the generative fluxes of the medium - in wind and weather. Fundamental to life is the process of respiration, by which organisms continually disrupt any boundary between earth and sky, binding substance and medium together in forging their own growth and movement. Thus to inhabit the open is not to be stranded on the outer surface of the earth but to be caught up in the transformations of the weather-world. We all know what it feels like to be out in the open air on a windy day. Yet once we try to pin it down within established categories and conventions of thought, no experience could be more elusive. What is the open air? Does it circulate in the sky or the atmosphere? Are these the same or different? If the atmosphere surrounds our planet, and the sky arches above our heads, then in what shape or form can the earth exist in relation to the sky? And if we are out in the open world of earth and sky, how can we simultaneously be in the wind? How, in other words, can we inhabit the open? If we can do so only by containing it, then how can the wind still blow? In what follows I seek to establish what it means to be 'in the open'. Instead of thinking of the inhabited world as composed of mutually exclusive hemispheres of sky and earth, separated by the ground, we need to attend, as I shall show, to the fluxes of wind and weather. To feel the wind is not to make external, tactile contact with our surroundings but to mingle with them. In this mingling, as we live and breathe, the wind, light, and moisture of the sky bind with the substances of the earth in the continual forging of a way through the tangle of life-lines that comprise the land.