RATIONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
RATIONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
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DOI：
10.1080/00221309.1958.9710170
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发表时间：
1958-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
ELLIS, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ELLIS, A
本文的中心主题是，心理治疗师可以通过教导客户组织和训练他们的思维，帮助他们的客户过上最自我实现、最具创造力和情感满足的生活。这是否意味着所有人类情感和创造力都可以或应该由理性和智力控制？不完全是。可以说，人类拥有感知、运动、思维和情感四种基本过程——所有这些过程都是相互关联的。因此，思维除了包含脑细胞中的生物电变化以及包含记忆、学习、解决问题和类似的心理过程之外，还包括并且在某种程度上必须是感觉、运动和情感行为 (1, 4)。那么，我们应该更准确地说，“琼斯感知-移动-感觉-思考这个谜题”，而不是说“琼斯思考这个谜题”。然而，因为琼斯与谜题相关的活动可能主要集中在解决谜题，而只是偶然地关注、操纵和表达它，所以我们也许有理由只强调这种思考。情绪，就像思考和感觉运动过程一样，我们可以将其定义为人类反应的一种异常复杂的状态，它与所有其他感知和反应过程密切相关。它不是单一的事物，而是几种看似不同但实际上密切相关的现象的组合和整体整合（1）。通常，情绪源于对下丘脑和自主神经系统细胞的直接刺激（例如，通过电或化学刺激）或通过感觉运动、认知和其他意动过程的间接兴奋。理论上是可以控制的，因此，
The central theme of this paper is that psychotherapists can help their clients to live the most self-fulfilling, creative, and emotionally satisfying lives by teaching these clients to organize and discipline their thinking. Does this mean that all human emotion and creativity can or should be controlled by reason and intellect? Not exactly. The human being may be said to possess four basic processesperception, movement, thinking, and emotion-all of which are integrally interrelated. Thus, thinking, aside from consisting of bioelectric changes in the brain cells, and in addition to comprising remembering, learning, problem-solving, and similar psychological processes, also is, and to some extent has to be, sensory, motor, and emotional behavior (1, 4). Instead, then, of saying," Jones thinks about this puzzle," we should more accurately say," Jones perceives-moves-feels-THINKS about this puzzle." Because, however, Jones' activity in relation to the puzzle may be largely focused upon solving it, and only incidentally on seeing, manipulating, and emoting about it, we may perhaps justifiably emphasize only this thinking.Emotion, like thinking and the sensori-motor processes, we may define as an exceptionally complex state of human reaction which is integrally related to all the other perception and response processes. It is not one thing, but a combination and holistic integration of several seemingly diverse, yet actually closely related, phenomena (1). Normally, emotion arises from direct stimulation of the cells in the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system (eg, by electrical or chemical stimulation) or from indirect excitation via sensori-motor, cognitive, and other conative processes. It may theoretically be controlled, therefore,