Productivity of waterlogged and salt-affected land in a Mediterranean climate using bed-furrow systems
Productivity of waterlogged and salt-affected land in a Mediterranean climate using bed-furrow systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2010.01.009
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发表时间：
2010-05-08
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Spann, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bakker, D. M.;Hamilton, G. J.;Spann, C.
长期以来，西澳大利亚州（WA）以及世界许多其他地区的水涝和旱地盐碱化一直被认为是生产牧场和作物的主要限制因素。在90年代后期，在澳大利亚的高降雨量地区，垄沟系统被引入到了积水的非盐碱地。这通过减少水涝而使大面积作物的产量大幅度增加。预计还可以在积水和盐碱地上实现增产，其中西澳大利亚州有100多万公顷。本文研究了涝渍盐碱地实施垄沟耕作制度后作物和牧草的生产力。三个地点选择在西南部的西澳大利亚州小麦带，不同的降雨制度和土壤盐分范围从零到极端。试验处理为：牧草地、耕作地、垄作地、免耕地和对照。盐度的分布使用电磁仪器（EM 38）绘制。从经验证的多光谱图像中获得了浮游生物的生物量和分布。谷物产量和分布获得校准的产量图。在4的12个站点年，从床沟系统的粮食产量在统计上显着相比，控制。这些主要与高降雨区的场地有关。夏季放牧、冬季放牧和盐度的影响使草地生物量下降。床沟系统，在一般情况下，不产生较高的粮食产量为一个给定的土壤盐分相比，控制。相对产量-盐度关系揭示了更高的耐盐性的各种作物相比，以前公布的标准。人们还发现，水涝和盐度之间的相互作用是不适用的，因为这两个问题的时间不一致。尽管在降雨量高的地区使用垄沟耕作系统可以提高粮食产量，但在低洼的受盐影响和潜在的涝渍地种植作物风险很高。只要这些措施得到接受，能够使用这些土地的种植者就可以大大扩大其种植面积。预计河床-犁沟系统在积水和受盐影响的地区也是有益的，这些地区的地形条件和降水过剩造成了这种条件，如在北美的一些草原州。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Waterlogging and dryland salinity in Western Australia (WA) as well as in many other parts of the world have long been recognized as major constraints to productive pastures and crops. In the late 90s, bed-furrow systems were introduced to waterlogged non-saline land in high rainfall areas of Australia. That resulted in significant yield increases of broad-acre crops through a reduction of the waterlogging. It was expected that yield gains could also be realised on waterlogged and saline land, of which more than 1 million ha is present in WA. This paper examines the productivity of crops and pasture of waterlogged and salt-affected land after the implementation of bed-furrow systems. Three sites were selected in the south western Wheatbelt of WA, with different rainfall regimes and with soil salinity ranging from none to extreme. The treatments were: pasture, cropping and raised beds (RB), no-till beds (NTB) and the Control. The distribution of salinity was mapped using an electromagnetic instrument (EM38). Pasture biomass and distribution were obtained from validated multispectral images. Grain yield and distribution were obtained from calibrated yield maps. In 4 of the 12 site-years, grain yields from the bed-furrow systems were statistically significantly compared to the Control. These were mostly associated with the site in the high rainfall region. The pasture biomass declined under the impact of summer and winter grazing and salinity. Bed-furrow systems did, in general, not generate higher grain yields for a given soil salinity compared to the Control. Relative yield - salinity relationships revealed a higher salt tolerance of the various crops compared to criteria published previously. It was also found that the interaction between waterlogging and salinity was not applicable since the timing of both issues did not coincide. Despite the grain yield gains at the high rainfall site using bed-furrow systems, cropping the low-lying salt-affected and potentially waterlogged land carries high risks. Provided these are accepted, growers with access to such land may be able to extend their cropping areas considerably. It is expected that bed-furrow systems are also beneficial in the waterlogged and salt-affected regions where topographical conditions and a precipitation surplus have created such conditions, like in some of the prairie states of North America. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.