A cross-sectional analysis demonstrated the healthy volunteer effect in smokers
A cross-sectional analysis demonstrated the healthy volunteer effect in smokers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.013
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Ab, CAT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomson, CA;Harris, RB;Ab, CAT
目的：这项横断面描述性分析旨在确定是否可以在选择参加饮食干预试验的吸烟者中证明健康志愿者的效果。研究设计和设置：在 136 名成年吸烟者参加饮食干预试验时，对体重指数 (BMI)、体脂、体力活动、饮食摄入量以及抗氧化营养素和类胡萝卜素的血浆浓度进行横断面评估。结果：平均 BMI 低于全国年龄和性别的平均水平，超重的患病率也是如此和肥胖。据报告，体力活动平均为每周 15.4 小时。与其他吸烟者样本群体相比，我们的吸烟者报告的总脂肪和胆固醇摄入量较低，维生素 C 和 P-胡萝卜素摄入量较高，维生素 E 摄入量大致相同。血浆抗坏血酸、(X-生育酚、(α-和β-胡萝卜素以及β-隐黄质)浓度高于NHANES III调查的吸烟者。结论：这些发现表明，在成年吸烟者中可以描述“健康志愿者效应”。未来针对吸烟者的饮食干预试验应谨慎估计样本量，因为选择参与的吸烟者可能报告比其他吸烟者更健康的饮食模式。应评估有关吸烟者基线微量营养素状况的筛选标准鉴于干预效果可能取决于整体健康状况 (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Objective: This cross-sectional descriptive analysis sought to determine if a healthy volunteer effect can be demonstrated among smokers selected to participate in a dietary intervention trial.Study Design and Setting: Body mass index (BMI), body fat, physical activity, dietary intake, and plasma concentration of antioxidant nutrients and carotenoids were assessed cross-sectionally, at the time of enrollment into a dietary intervention trial, among 136 adult smokers.Results: Mean BMI was below national age- and gender-specific averages as was prevalence of overweight and obesity. Physical activity was reported to average 15.4 h/wk. Compared with other sample populations of smokers, our smokers reported lower total fat and cholesterol intakes, higher vitamin C and P-carotene intakes, and generally equal vitamin E intakes. Plasma ascorbic acid, (X-tocopherol, (alpha- and beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations were higher than those of smokers surveyed by NHANES III.Conclusion: These findings suggest that a "healthy volunteer effect" can be described among adult smokers. Future dietary intervention trials among smokers should cautiously estimate sample size because smokers electing to participate may report healthier dietary patterns than other smokers. Screening criteria regarding baseline micronutrient status of smokers should be evaluated given that intervention effects may be dependent on overall health status. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.