Transition from nonsequential to sequential double ionization in many-electron systems
Transition from nonsequential to sequential double ionization in many-electron systems
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.96.033401
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
M. Pullen;B. Wolter;Xu Wang;X. Tong;M. Sclafani;M. Baudisch;H. Pires;C. Schröter;J. Ullrich;J. Ullrich;T. Pfeifer;R. Moshammer;J. Eberly;J. Biegert
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文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Pullen;B. Wolter;Xu Wang;X. Tong;M. Sclafani;M. Baudisch;H. Pires;C. Schröter;J. Ullrich;J. Ullrich;T. Pfeifer;R. Moshammer;J. Eberly;J. Biegert
了解多电子系统的强场双电离是一个重要的基本问题，对该领域内的分子成像具有潜在影响。使用中红外辐射，我们明确地识别了 Xe 中强度低于的从非顺序 ($e, 2e$) 到顺序双电离的转变 ${10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$。激发轨道的电离被发现在低强度下是决定性的，但我们证明这种机制在顺序机制中并不重要。我们利用这些事实，利用激光诱导电子衍射成功地对分子阳离子进行成像。这种方法可用于研究前所未有的几飞秒时间尺度的分子动力学。
Understanding strong-field double ionization of many-electron systems is an important fundamental problem with potential implications for molecular imaging within this regime. Using mid-IR radiation, we unambiguously identify the transition from nonsequential ($e, 2e$) to sequential double ionization in Xe at an intensity below ${10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. Ionization from excited orbitals is found to be decisive at low intensities, but we demonstrate that such mechanisms are unimportant in the sequential regime. We utilize these facts to successfully image a molecular dication using laser-induced electron diffraction. This methodology can be used to study molecular dynamics on unprecedented few-femtosecond time scales.